摘要
市政污泥厌氧发酵能将污泥所含有机质转化为能源物质甲烷,使污泥实现"减量化"、"无害化"、"资源化",但发酵效率与污泥胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)的降解程度密切相关.综述了EPS的形成机理、解聚方法及其组分检测技术.主要结论为EPS由多聚糖类、脂质、蛋白质、DNA以及某些小分子类物质相互结合、聚集而成.根据物质之间结合的紧密程度,EPS可分为4个层次,因此EPS解聚方法通过对其结构破坏程度不同而表现出不同的EPS溶解率.解聚方法大致可分为物理、化学和生物3种,其中生物法效果显著、反应条件温和、反应过程能耗低且对环境无二次污染,具有巨大的应用前景.EPS组分检测技术通过监测EPS中金属离子、腐殖质、水分等的迁移以及污泥结构变化,评价EPS降解程度,为理解污泥厌氧发酵过程、提高污泥厌氧发酵效率提供新的视角和观点,同时为实现污泥厌氧发酵沼渣农林化利用提供理论支撑.最后提出EPS作为有机聚合体,生物预处理法优势明显,能在提高EPS溶解率的同时减少厌氧反应抑制物生成,实现污泥生物质资源的高效安全利用.(图4表2参67)
Municipal sewage sludge anaerobic digestion can turn sewage sludge organics into methane, which makes it reduction, harmless, and recyclable. This previous studies demonstrated that the reaction efficiency is strongly linked with extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) degradation. The paper introduces the formation mechanism, disaggregation methods, and detection technologies of EPS. The main ideas include the following: EPS consists of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, DNA, and smaller molecules bound together. According to the strength of the binding substances, EPS can be classified into four layers from the outside to the center. Therefore, the dissolution rate of EPS is determined by the different destroying degrees for the structure. Disaggregation methods can be classified into three types: physical, chemical, and biological. Biological methods have features that are advantageous. These include significant degradation, mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption, and no secondary pollution. Developing detection technologies evaluate the EPS degradation level by monitoring the migration of metal ions, humics, water, and EPS components, and changes in the sludge structure. These technologies offer new perspectives on the process of sewage sludge anaerobic digestion and how to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion. At the same time, they provide theoretical support for the agricultural and forestry utilization of biogas residues. Finally, we propose that, as EPS consists of organic polymers, it can be used more effectively after biological pretreatments because of enhanced dissolution and a reduction in the generation of inhibitors for anaerobic digestion. Only in this way can we utilize sewage sludge biomass appropriately and safely.
作者
蒋心茹
姬高升
刘杨
房俊楠
许力山
谢炎东
闫志英
JIANG Xinru;JI Gaosheng;LIU Yang;FANG Junnan;XU Lishan;XIE Yandong;YAN Zhiying(Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,China;Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1282-1289,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
四川省重点研发项目(2019YFS0052)
四川省重大科技专项课题(2018SZDZX0024)
中国科学院科技服务网络项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-098)资助。
关键词
城市污泥
厌氧消化
细胞外聚合物
预处理
municipal sludge
anaerobic digestion
extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)
pretreatment
