摘要
稀土元素是现代科技、新能源、特种制造的关键性材料,以其不可替代性和稀缺性,而备受关注,很多国家将其列为关键资源或战略资源。地球化学是研究稀土分布和发现稀土矿床的有效方法。本文利用“化学地球”大科学计划获得的全国15个稀土元素地球化学基准数据以及“一带一路”的中蒙边境、中缅老越边境地区地球化学填图数据为基础,阐述中国稀土地球化学背景和圈定远景区。获得全国岩石和汇水域沉积物15个稀土元素、轻稀土(ΣLREE)、重稀土(ΣHREE)和总稀土(ΣREE)背景值。全国岩石背景值分别为:ΣLREE 121μg/g,ΣHREE 35.0μg/g,ΣREE 157μg/g,轻重稀土比值为3.5。全国汇水域沉积物背景值分别为:ΣLREE 134.0μg/g,ΣHREE 38.5μg/g,和ΣREE 173μg/g,轻重稀土比值为3.5。总体上汇水域沉积物与岩石一致,但含量略高于岩石。全国共圈定稀土地球化学异常区35处,其中有26处异常与已知稀土矿或稀土成矿带相吻合,新发现稀土超富集中心的稀土异常9处,分别位于内蒙白云鄂博以西的乌拉特中旗—乌拉特后旗、华南异常富集中心、松潘—甘孜—攀西地区、云南红河州—中越边境、三江南段—中缅边境、雅鲁藏布江东段、西藏札达地区、中塔边境、黔东正安—荔波地区。这些异常显示,是具有寻找白云鄂博型、碱性岩型、离子吸附型、花岗伟晶岩型、磷块岩型和泥岩型稀土矿的有利地区。
Rare earth elements(REEs)are widely used in high-tech industries and are categorized into the list of critical metals by many countries.Geochemistry is an effective method for studying the concentration and distribution of REEs and discovering rare earth deposits.However geochemical data of REEs are not available in the world because most of geochemical mapping projects have not analyzed the REEs.This has greatly restricted the understanding of the spatial distribution and exploration for REEs in the world.In this paper,the concentration and spatial distribution of REEs were systematically described for the first time by using the data obtained from the Mapping Chemical Earth Program-China Geochemical Baselines(CGB)project and the Belt and Road Geochemical Mapping Project.Geochemical background values of ΣLREE,ΣHREE andΣREE in rocks are 121μg/g,35.0μg/g,157μg/g respectively,and the ratio of ΣLREE to ΣHREE in rocks is 0.35.Geochemical background values of ΣLREE,ΣHREE and ΣREE in catchment sediments are 134.0μg/g,38.5μg/g and 173μg/g respectively,and the ratio ofΣLREE toΣHREE in rocks is 0.35.The background concentrations of REE in sediments are consistent with those in rocks.A total of 35 anomalies were delineated.Among these anomalies,26 geochemical anomalies are consistent with the known REE deposits,whereas newly discovered 9 anomalies are spatially distributed in Urad Middle Banner–Urad Rear Banner of Inner Mongolia,enrichment areas of Southern China,Songpan–Garze–Panxi rift,China–Vietnam boundary area,China–Myanmar boundary area,western part of Kunlun Mountains,Tarlung Zangbo River,Zhada County of Tibet,and east part of Guizhou Province.The anomalies show potential targets for the follow-up exploration of the REE deposits of Bayan Obo type,carbonite-alkali-related type,ion-adsorbed type,granite pegmatite type,sedimentary clay type,and sedimentary phosphate type.
作者
王学求
周建
迟清华
王玮
张必敏
聂兰仕
刘东盛
徐善法
吴慧
高燕芳
WANG Xue-qiu;ZHOU Jian;CHI Qing-hua;WANG Wei;ZHANG Bi-min;NIE Lan-shi;LIU Dong-sheng;XU Shan-fa;WU Hui;GAO Yan-fang(Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang,Hebei 065000;UNESCO International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry,Langfang,Hebei 065000)
出处
《地球学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期747-758,共12页
Acta Geoscientica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“穿透性地球化学勘查技术”(编号:2016YFC0600600)
国家专项“深部探测技术与实验研究”(编号:SinoProbe-04)
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:DD20190451)联合资助。
关键词
稀土元素
地球化学背景
异常
空间分布
远景区
rare earth elements(REEs)
geochemical background
anomaly
spatial distribution
potential targets
