摘要
与国内的锂矿技术创新相比,国外的锂矿开发利用技术总体发展时间早,但区域发展极不均衡,欧美澳技术革新持续性强,近期颠覆性技术频频出现。锂矿山多矿种综合开发利用是趋势,是降低成本、提高效益和环境保护的重要方向。采选冶垂直一体化是创新增效、优化流程的重要选项。从地域上看,美洲是世界锂提取技术的摇篮,南美锂三角技术稳定,成本低,正处于技术革新的前夕。非洲资源量大,硬岩为主,受限于基础设施,云母型提取技术的创新和综合开发利用是出路。澳洲硬岩锂矿开发强度最大,技术娴熟,成本压力催生更多优化创新项目。欧洲市场需求带动本土锂矿开发,采选冶一体化项目增多。新型锂矿如盐湖卤水、硬岩采选、粘土沉积型、地热卤水的提取技术在近期都将有重大突破的希望。
Compared with the domestic lithium resources utilization,the overall development of foreign lithium mining development and utilization technology starts earlier,but the regional development is extremely uneven.The technological innovation in Europe,America and Australia is strong,and disruptive technologies have frequently appeared recently.The comprehensive development and utilization of multiple minerals in lithium mines is a trend,which is an important direction for reducing costs,improving benefits and environmental protection.The vertical integration of mining,sorting and smelting is an important option for innovation,efficiency enhancement and process optimization.From a geographical point of view,America is the cradle of lithium technology in the world,and the South American lithium triangle has stable technology and low cost,and is on the eve of technological innovation.Africa has a large amount of resources,mainly hard rock,and is limited by infrastructure.Innovation and comprehensive development and utilization of mica-type extraction technology are the way out.Australia’s hard rock mine has the strongest development intensity,skilled technology,and cost pressure has spawned more optimized and innovative projects.The demand of the European market has driven the development of local lithium mines,and the integration of mining,dressing and smelting projects has increased.New types of lithium mines,such as saline brine,hard rock,clay sedimentation,and geothermal brine extraction technology,will have breakthroughs in the near future.
作者
吴西顺
孙艳
王登红
黄文斌
黄凡
高曦
张炜
姚翔
Wu Xishun;Zhang Wei;Sun Yan;Wang Denghong;Yao Xiang;Gao Xi;Zhang Wei(Documentation Center,China Geological Survey,China National Geological Library,Beijing,China;International Research Center,CGS;MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resource,CAGS,Beijing;Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,CGS,Guangzhou,China)
出处
《矿产综合利用》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第6期110-120,共11页
Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
基金
中国地质调查“国际地质调查动态跟踪与分析”(DD20190414)
“地学情报综合研究与产品研发”(121201015000150002)。
关键词
锂矿
开发技术
国际
技术革新
展望
Lithium resources
Utilization technology
International
Technological innovation
Prospect
