摘要
文章追溯了战后(1944-1970年)欧洲社会住宅建设的变革:战前定下的功能主义标准逐渐瓦解,住宅单元平面上从单个功能房间转移到功能群组划分、使用人群需求和可变房间上来,住区总体布局从只遵循日照和朝向的行列式到形成住宅室内外互通、划分私密等级、注重邻里交流和城市界面。这一过程引发了丰富多样的理论和实践探讨,斯堪的纳维亚的新经验主义、国际现代建筑协会的反思与瓦解、十人小组的批判混合着勒·柯布西耶、阿尔托等建筑大师建成项目的跨国影响,推动着社会住宅向关照个体真实需求的人本主义思考迈进。
The article traces the transformation of European social housing construction in the postwar period(1944-1970).With the functionalist standards set by the pre-war period being gradually disintegrated,the organization of residential units shifted from isolated functional rooms to the distribution of related functions,the needs of the users,and flexible rooms;the overall layout of the residential area changed from Zeilenbau answering only to sunlight and orientation to the construction of indoor and outdoor communication,the differentiation between the public and the private,and a focus on neighborhood communication and urban interface.This process has led to a rich variety of theoretical and practical discussions:Scandinavian Neo-Empiricism,CIAM's reflection and disintegration,and the critique of the Team X,which are mixed with the international influences of the work of Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto.Together,they brought back the humanistic thinking that takes care of the real needs of individuals to social housing.
作者
张洁
翟宇琦
ZHANG Jie;ZHAI Yuqi
出处
《时代建筑》
2020年第6期44-52,共9页
Time + Architecture
关键词
社会住宅
战后
现代建筑
人本主义
Social Housing
Post-war
Modern Architecture
Humanism
