摘要
【目的】探究‘瑞阳’苹果苦痘病与主要营养元素含量的关系,同时为生产上防治苹果苦痘病提供理论依据和指导方法。【方法】采用田间调查、实验室测定和相关性分析,对‘瑞阳’苹果不同发病率果园果实及同一果园不同发病程度果实全量及水溶性N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量进行测定,并将‘瑞阳’苹果苦痘病与主要营养元素含量进行相关性分析。【结果】不同果园苦痘病发病率与果实N含量及N/Ca比值呈显著正相关;同一果园苦痘病发病程度与果实全N/Ca比值呈极显著正相关,与全N含量及K/Ca比值呈显著正相关,与全Ca含量呈显著负相关,与果实水溶性N/P、N/Ca比值呈极显著正相关,与水溶性P/Mg、Ca/Mg比值呈极显著负相关,与水溶性N、Mg含量呈显著正相关,与水溶性P、Ca及P/Ca比值呈显著负相关。【结论】‘瑞阳’苹果苦痘病的发生与果实N、Ca含量及N/Ca比值有密切关系,同一果园苦痘病发病程度与果实全K/Ca比值、水溶性P、Mg含量及N/P、P/Ca、P/Mg、Ca/Mg比值也有一定关系。
【Objective】The study explored the relationship between incidence of bitter pit in‘Ruiyang’apple and the contents of main nutrient elements in order to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the prevention of the disorder in apple production.‘Ruiyang’fruit(Malus domestica)from different orchards with different bitter pit incidences in Baishui county and fruits with different incidence severity in the same orchard were collected in October 2019.The relationships between the occurrence of bitter pit and the contents of main nutritional elements in‘Ruiyang’apples fruit were analyzed after main nutrient elements were determined.【Methods】The contents of total and water-soluble macronutrients(N,P,K,Ca,Mg)in fruit collected from different orchards and fruit with different severity of bitter pit in the same orchards were determined.In October 2019,ripe fruit used for the test were collected from three orchards in Kexian Village(N 35°13′30″,E 109°24′7″),Baishui Apple Experimental Demonstration/Station(N 35°12′26″,E 109°32′49″),and Lingao town(N 35°12′37″,E 109°26′21″)in Baishui county,Weinan city,Shaanxi province.Five-year-old plants on M26 rootstock were at a space of 2 m×4 m and under routine management.After cutting off the pedicel,all the fruit samples were taken back to the laboratory,washed twice with distilled water and then with deionized water,air dried,and cut into 1 cm2 slices,which were fully mixed and weighed.The samples were placed in a 105℃ oven for 15 minutes and then exposed to 80℃ until their weight became constant.The dried samples were ground into powder and passed through a 0.5 mm plastic sieve,and then sealed in plastic bags and stored in a dryer.The contents of mineral elements in the fruit were determined.Standard solutions were prepared and stored in a 4℃ refrigerator.The contents of Ca and Mg were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Hitachi ZA3000,Japan);the contents of N and P were determined with a flow analyzer(Systea FLOWSYS,Italy);and the content of K by a flame photometer(Sherwood M410,UK).The analyses were conducted with three replicates.The correlations between bitter pit incidence and the contents of main nutrient elements were analyzed.【Results】Significant positive correlations existed between the occurrence of bitter pit in different orchards and total N,N/Ca ratio,water-soluble N,and the ratio of water-soluble N against water soluble Ca.In the same orchard,significant positive correlations existed between the severity of bitter pit and total N and K/Ca and N/Ca ratios,while a significant negative correlation was found between bitter pit severity and the total Ca content in fruit.There was a significant positive correlation between the water-soluble N/P and N/Ca ratios,and between water-soluble N and Mg contents.There were significant negative correlations between the water-soluble P/Mg and Ca/Mg values in the fruit,and between the water-soluble P and Ca contents and P/Ca ratio in fruit【.Conclusion】The occurrence of bitter pit in‘Ruiyang’apple was closely related to the elements such as N and Ca as well as to N/Ca ratio,total K/Ca ratio,water-soluble P and Mg and ratios of N/P,P/Ca,P/Mg and Ca/Mg in the same orchard.Therefore,in apple cultivation,balanced application of relevant nutrient elements should be ensured.However,more experiments are needed to explore the mechanisms of bitter pit occurrence in apple fruit and find out the control methods.
作者
秦永凤
梁俊
韩明明
何肖肖
赵政阳
QIN Yongfeng;LIANG Jun;HAN Mingming;HE Xiaoxiao;ZHAO Zhengyang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期1907-1913,共7页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
陕西省农业科技创新项目(NYKJ-2020-YL-02)
中央引导地方专项资金项目(2020-ZYYD-NCC-14)。
关键词
‘瑞阳’苹果
苦痘病
营养元素
相关性
‘Ruiyang’apples
Bitter pit
Nutritional elements
Correlation
