摘要
【目的】为探究黄色粘虫板对苹果绣线菊蚜(Aphis citricola Van der Goot)的诱捕效果以及诱集昆虫种类和数量,探明其应用价值和正确使用方法。【方法】于苹果年生长周期内悬挂黄板,并对苹果绣线菊蚜、其他害虫和天敌的种类及数量进行统计分析。【结果】整个试验阶段苹果绣线菊蚜诱捕数量仅(109.9±5.1)头·板-1,与其他昆虫相比,数量并不显著;其他害虫中,叶蝉诱捕数量最多,数量高于苹果绣线菊蚜;瓢虫、食蚜蝇、草蛉、蛇蛉等与苹果绣线菊蚜诱捕数量相当,以靶标害虫蚜虫计算,益害比为1:1.2,悬挂黄板会影响天敌控害效果;黄板对于蝇类诱捕量最多,证明蝇类也可能存在趋黄性;苹果花期悬挂黄板,主要诱捕的是授粉蜜蜂。【结论】黄板对苹果绣线菊蚜防控效果不显著,研究发现其他害虫可能存在趋黄性,其使用价值有待多方面评估。黄板诱杀具有广谱性,会影响自然条件下蜜蜂和天敌种群,在苹果开花期和天敌数量较多的果园应谨慎悬挂。
【Objective】Yellow sticky card is a common physical control method used in agriculture,and their efficacy is based on the attraction of pests to bright colors.In the present experiment,we revealed the number and identity of different species trapped by yellow sticky cards,so as to evaluate the efficacy of this method for controlling spiraea aphids in practical production.【Methods】The yellow sticky card trapping experiment was conducted from March 2,2019 to September 7,2019 in the apple orchard of Luochuan Apple Station,Northwest A&F University,in Yan’an city.Ten yellow sticky cards arranged in aW-shaped pattern were hung in the periphery of the apple tree canopy,at a height of approximately 1.8 m.The yellow sticky cards were changed every seven days.The control effect was determined by counting the number of species and insects trapped and calculating the ratio of beneficial insects to pests.Specifically,target pests were distinguished from non-target pests,predatory natural enemies,flies and bees.The beneficial insect/pest ratio was calculated by a natural enemy unit that contained one adult and one larva of a ladybird feeding on aphids or one lacewing fly and one syrphid fly.【Results】The number of target pests trapped was(109.9±5.1)per card,while the number of leafhoppers,scarabs and psyllas trapped was(234.2±5.7),(47.8±6.6)and(3.9±0.6)per card,respectively.The number of syrphid flies,ladybirds,Chrysopa and serpentines trapped was(47.2±4.0),(39.6±6.7),(17.8±2.2)and(18.4±6.3)per card,respectively.Additionally,yellow sticky cards were also effective in capturing flies.The number of Drosophilid,Sarcophaga and Calliphora captured was(394.4±40.2),(231.8±19.8)and(11.4±1.4)per card,respectively.The number of honeybees trapped was(22.1±1.6)per card,and most of them were trapped during the flowering stage.The control of the target pest(aphids)by yellow sticky cards was limited;the number of non-target pests trapped exhibited in the following descending order:leafhopper>scarab>woodlouse;the ranking order for the number of predatory natural enemies trapped was ladybird>aphid>snake wing>chrysopanax.This strong trapping effect on predatory natural enemies suggested that yellow sticky cards should not be used in orchards with ideal ecological conditions and high population densities of predatory natural enemies.Additionally,the number of flies trapped exhibited the following order:Drosophila>Sarcophaga>Calliphora,indicating that the yellow sticky cards also had a trapping efficacy on bees.Thus,yellow sticky cards should not be used during the apple flowering period to allow better bee pollination.The yellow sticky card was a broad-spectrum physical control measure.It had trapping effects on target pests,non-target pests and natural enemies.The beneficial insect/pest ratio of the yellow sticky card was 1∶1.2.From March 2,2019 to September 7,2019,only(88.1±3.6)winged aphids were trapped by each yellow sticky card in the Luochuan apple production area.The population density of winged aphids was also a factor affecting the number of insects trapped by yellow sticky cards.Outbreaks of aphids were most likely to occur under high-temperature and drought conditions;frequent use of pesticides leads to increasing resistance,resulting in a decline of the chemical control effect.Additionally,the population density and the degree of protection provided by predatory natural enemies also affect the population density of aphids.Generally,yellow sticky cards should only be used to monitor the population densities of winged aphids and detect aphid outbreaks.Because ladybugs,Chrysopa,snake flies and aphid flies primarily fed on wingless apple aphids,the trapping of natural enemies by yellow sticky cards was inevitable,reducing the efficacy of biological control.Therefore,the control of aphids by yellow sticky cards needed to be improved.During outbreaks,wingless forms of aphids often dominated and consequently,chemical control was also needed to achieve their rapid control.Under suitable ecological conditions,the total number of winged aphids captured was relatively low,which may also explain the number of winged aphids trapped by yellow sticky cards.The color,size,hanging height,viscosity and hanging density of yellow sticky cards could also affect their ability to trap target pests.【Conclusion】The control of aphids by yellow stick cards was not effective,as other non-target pests may also be attracted to these traps.Several aspects needed to be evaluated to make yellow stick cards suitable for use in agriculture at a large scale.Trapping by yellow stick cards was a broad-spectrum measure that may affect the population densities of bees and natural enemies under natural conditions.Yellow sticky cards should not be used in orchards during the apple flowering period or in areas with high population densities of natural enemies.The effective period for hanging yellow sticky cards in the Luochuan apple production area was from early May to mid-July,and the duration of yellow sticky card hanging for aphid control should be designed accordingly.A comprehensive analysis revealed that the hanging of yellow sticky cards in Luochuan apple orchard had more disadvantages than advantages in terms of its control effect,economic cost,labor cost and impact on natural enemy insects.The optimal density and spacing of yellow sticky cards,as well as their influences on natural enemies and pest control,likely depended on the time of year and varied in different regions.Thus,these aspects need to be evaluated to optimize their application.
作者
张国浩
江珊
卢蒙蒙
张金勇
李前进
李咸鹏
邹养军
ZHANG Guohao;JIANG Shan;LU Mengmeng;ZHANG Jinyong;LI Qianjin;ZOU Yangjun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;Luochuan County Apple Industry R&D Center,Luochuan 727400,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期1914-1921,共8页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001401-PG02)
国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27)。
关键词
苹果绣线菊蚜
黄色粘虫板
诱集效果
益害比
天敌昆虫
Apple spiraea aphid
Yellow sticky card
Trapping effect
Beneficial insects/pests ratio
Natural enemy insects
