摘要
目的了解广州市农村饮水安全工程现状及其水质卫生情况,为政府制定农村饮用水安全卫生策略和措施提供参考依据。方法于2018—2019年,对广州市农村地区随机抽取的6个地区共100个农村饮水安全工程进行基本情况问卷调查,并于枯水期和丰水期采集水样进行检测和评价。结果调查的农村饮水安全工程中,均无化学混凝和消毒设施,有物理沉淀设施的占69.00%,有物理过滤设施的占80.00%,无任何处理设施的占17.00%;蓄水池有上锁、加盖、设立醒目告示牌和设专人看管保护措施的分别占28.00%、77.00%、10.00%和41.00%,没有任何保护措施的饮水安全工程占15.00%;农村饮用水的水质合格率为21.00%,以地表水和地下水为水源的农村饮用水水质合格率分别为5.88%和36.73%,未经处理和经部分处理的农村饮用水水质合格率为29.41%和19.28%;各区水质合格率不全相同,地下水的水质合格率高于地表水,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和菌落总数的超标率分别为66.50%、49.00%和15.50%。结论广州市农村饮水安全工程水处理工艺简单,农村饮用水水质合格率较低,以微生物超标为主,且工程管理维护有待进一步加强。
Objective To investigate the situation and water quality sanitation of drinking water safety projects in rural areas of Guangzhou City,provide reference for the government to formulate rural drinking water safety and health strategies and measures.Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate the basic situation of 100 drinking water safety projects randomly selected from six districts in Guangzhou city from 2018-2019.Water samples were collected in dry season and wet season for detection and evaluation.Results All of the drinking water safety projects had no chemical coagulation and disinfection equipment.The proportion for physical sedimentation and filtration equipment was 69.00%and 80.00%respectively.17.00%of the drinking water safety projects had no water treatment equipment.The reservoirs with the protective measures of locks,covers,bulletin boards and special personal accounted for 28.00%,77.00%,10.00%and 41.00%,respectively,while 15.00%of the projects had no protective measures.The qualified rate of drinking water in rural areas was 21.00%.The qualified rate of surface water sources and underground water sources was 5.88%and 36.73%respectively.The qualified rate of drinking water without any treatment and with incomplete treatment was 29.41%and 19.28%respectively.The qualified rates of water quality in each district were different,the qualified rate of groundwater was higher than that of surface water,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The exceeding standard rate of total coliform,thermotolerant coliform and total bacterial count was 66.50%,49.00%and15.50%,respectively.Conclusion The water treatment process is simple and easy for the drinking water safety projects from rural areas in Guangzhou City.The qualified rate of rural drinking water is low,which is dominated by excessive microbial indicators.And the management and maintenance of the drinking water safety projects should be improved.
作者
黎晓彤
钟嶷
王德东
周金华
李泽荣
毕华
黄仁德
孙丽丽
李琴
郭重山
LI Xiao-tong;ZHONG Yi;WANG De-dong;ZHOU Jin-hua;LI Ze-rong;BI Hua;HUANG Ren-de;SUN Li-li;LI Qin;Guo Chong-han(Environmental Health Department,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou Guangdong,510440,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2020年第18期2550-2553,2562,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
广州市卫生健康科技项目(20191A011051)
广州市科技计划项目(201804010194)。
关键词
农村
饮水安全工程
水质
Rural areas
Drinking water safety projects
Water quality
