摘要
川藏铁路对国家西部大开发战略和西藏经济社会发展具有重大战略意义,然而作为世界铁路史上最难修建的铁路工程,其施工建设与长期运营面临许多重大科学与工程技术问题,其中地质安全风险问题最严峻。基于地球系统科学思想对川藏铁路穿越的青藏高原廊道面临的工程地质问题进行系统分析,认为在板块挤压、高原隆升、气候变化和工程扰动等内外动力作用下,川藏铁路廊道地壳浅表部发育一个由构造变形圈、岩体松动圈、表部冻融圈和工程扰动圈组合成的松弛变动圈,它们影响和制约着铁路工程的区域地质体、工程地质体、工程岩土体和工程结构体的稳定性,孕育和控制着重大地质灾害的发生和链生演化。据此确定工程地质面临着十大挑战,工程背后的核心科学问题是板块碰撞带-地表圈层相互作用致灾机制。由此提出板块挤压驱动下区域地质体稳定性与重大灾害群发机制、高原隆升驱动下工程地质体稳定性与重大灾害形成机制、气候变化驱动下工程岩土体稳定性与重大灾害链生放大机制、工程营力驱动下工程结构体稳定性与重大工程灾变响应机制和复杂艰险环境下重大工程灾害风险预测与防控等5个重点研究方向。川藏铁路是探索重大绿色廊道工程的工程地质与灾害地质科学难题和人地协调理论的难得优质研究基地,研究成果会对全球类似重大工程的地质安全研究起到示范引领作用。
The Sichuan—Tibet Railway is of great significance and plays an important role in the long-term western development and the economic and social development of Tibet.However,as the most difficult railway project in the history of the world’s railways,the Sichuan—Tibet railway is faced with many unique complex and urgent scientific and engineering problems during the construction and long-term safe operation in the future,especially geological security risks.Based on the concept of earth science system,in this paper,the engineering geological problems of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau through which the Sichuan—Tibet Railway crosses are systematically analyzed.It is believed that,in the superficial crust of the region along Sichuan—Tibet railway,there is a loose change circle composed by tectonic deformation circle,rock loosening circle,surface freeze-thaw circle and engineering disturbance circle under the combined action of internal and external factors such as plate compression,plateau uplift,climate change and engineering disturbances.The loose change circle affects and restricts the stability of the regional geological body,engineering geological body,engineering rock-soil body and engineering structure of railway engineering,and causes and controls the occurrence and chain evolution of geo-hazards.It is proposed that the Sichuan-Tibet railway is faced with the top-ten challenges and the core scientific problem behind the project is the disaster-causing mechanisms of the interaction between the plate collision zone and the surface layer.Consequently,five key research directions,including the regional crustal stability and the dynamic mechanism of major disasters under plate compression,the stability of the engineering geological body and the chain evolution mechanism of major geohazards under the background of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau uplift,the stability and importance of engineering rock and soil mass driven by climate change and the geohazard chain amplification mechanism,the engineering structure stability under special geological environment and the mutual-feedback geohzard response mechanism for major projects,and the major project disaster risk prediction and prevention under complex environment,are proposed.The Sichuan—Tibet Railway is a rare high-quality research base for exploring the scientific problems of engineering geology and geohazards of major green corridor projects and the theory of human-land coordination.The research results will play a leading role in the geological safety research of similar major projects around the world.
作者
彭建兵
崔鹏
庄建琦
PENG Jianbing;CUI Peng;ZHUANG Jianqi(Department of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Science,Chengdu,Sichuan 610054,China)
出处
《岩石力学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期2377-2389,共13页
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41941019,41922054)。
关键词
工程地质
川藏铁路
挑战
科学问题
研究内容
engineering geology
Sichuan—Tibet railway
challenge
key issue
research content
