摘要
调查评估鱼类资源,分析鱼类资源变动的原因,可为鱼类资源保护提供科学依据。近30年来曹娥江流域水利工程建设、水质环境、渔业捕捞等影响鱼类生存的环境因素发生了较大的改变,迫切需要对流域内的鱼类资源现状重新调查研究。2015-2018年,在曹娥江上中下游9个采集点,利用流刺网和地笼捕捞鱼类并鉴定分析。结果表明,调查共获得鱼类105种,隶属于13目26科;其中,鲤形目种类最多,为65种,占总种类数的61.90%,优势种为鲢、麦穗鱼和子陵吻虾虎鱼。曹娥江水域鱼类群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.9718,Simpson优势度指数为0.3297,Pielou均匀度指数为0.4237,Margalef种类丰富度指数为10.5741。与历史记载比较,本次调查获得鱼类中肉食性鱼类比例减少、杂食性鱼类比例增加, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielous均匀度指数下降,鱼类群落结构的复杂性和稳定性降低,鱼类多样性下降。曹娥江流域鱼类资源保护措施建议:截流控制各类废污水,科学调度水利工程,加强渔业管理,调整放流鱼类种类,加大土著肉食性鱼类和经济鱼类放流。
Over the past 30years,water environment deterioration,overfishing and construction of hy-draulic projects in the Cao′e River basin have altered fish habitat,greatly affecting the species composi-tion,structure and biodiversity of the fish community.It is thus urgent to assess the current status of fish resources in the basin.In this study,we evaluated fish resources in the Cao′e River basin based on investi-gations carried out from 2015to 2018.Factors causing changes in fish resources were analyzed,aiming to provide scientific data to support rational conservation of fish resources.From May 2015to November 2018,field studies were carried out at nine sampling sections using gill nets and cages.A total of 18682 specimens were collected that included 105species,belonging to 26families and 13orders.The number of Cyprinidae species was largest(65species),accounting for 61.90%of the total species.Dominant species included Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius giurinus.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),Simpson dominance index(λ),Pielou evenness index(J′)and Margalef species richness index(D)of the fish community in Cao′e River basin were,respectively,1.9718,0.3297,0.4237and 10.5741.Based on comparisons with the historical record in“Zhejiang Animals Fauna:Fresh-water Fish”,the proportion of carnivorous fish species in Cao′e River has decreased,omnivorous fish spe-cies have increased,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)and Pielou evenness index(J′)have both decreased.The complexity,biodiversity and stability of the fish community in the Cao′e River basin have all decreased,indicating that fish resources have declined since the early 1990s.Effective measures are crucial for protecting fish resources in Cao′e River:interception of domestic,industrial and agricultural waste water;science-based regulation of hydropower projects;and strengthened fishery management,in-cluding increased release of native carnivorous and commercially valuable fish species.
作者
陈超
余理睿
冯志政
金叶飞
祝尧荣
任岗
CHEN Chao;YU li-rui;FENG Zhi-zheng;JIN Ye-fei;ZHU Yao-rong;REN Gang(College of Life Science,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,P.R.China)
出处
《水生态学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期113-121,共9页
Journal of Hydroecology
基金
绍兴市科技计划项目(2018C20011)
浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划(LGN19C130003)。
关键词
曹娥江
鱼类资源调查
生物多样性
资源保护
Cao′e River
fish resource investigation
biodiversity
resource conservation
