摘要
【目的】研究新疆南疆农村妇女的现状、观念动态、意愿情况、受教育程度及社会影响等,为提高南疆农村妇女综合素质提供科学依据。【方法】选择新疆喀什地区疏勒县库木西力克乡4个村350名村民为研究对象(随机收取10%女性和4%男性),采用问卷调查、实地访谈、参与式研讨、专家座谈和文献资料检索等方法,调查数据应用SPSS软件进行分析比较。【结果】96.8%的妇女承担全部家务,52.5%的妇女有外出打工的经历;39.7%的妇女与丈夫共同承担养家,25.8%的妇女为主要养家;家中有决策权的妇女占94.93%,独立决策的妇女占到27.65%,与丈夫共同决策的妇女占67.28%,妇女在南疆农村家庭中的社会和经济地位在不断增强。99.5%的妇女认为接受教育对于自身很重要,62%的妇女有过上大学的愿望,69.3%的妇女希望培养女儿进入大学学习,75.6%的妇女希望培养儿子进入大学学习,对于子女受高等教育的愿望很迫切;97.2%的妇女有学习一技之长的愿望,87.2%的妇女有学习技能外出打工的愿望。90%的女性对当前的生活状况和条件满意;98.6%的妇女认为妇女具有独立思想很重要,跟随丈夫思想重要的仅占1.4%。妇女对驻村工作队认可度极高。【结论】农村妇女在新疆南疆家庭生活和社会经济发展中发挥着重要作用,南疆农村妇女的国家观念和公民意识明确;妇女的生活质量明显好转,但受教育程度亟待提高。妇女参与公共活动有一定的积极性,参与村级治理意识有待提高。应充分发挥基层妇联组织的综合职能,丰富农村妇女生活,鼓励参与社会活动,发挥妇女的群体作用。
【Objective】This paper studies the status quo,ideological trend,willingness,educational level and social influence of women in southern Xinjiang,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the comprehensive quality of women in that region.【Method】350 Uygur villagers from four villages in Kumuxilic Township,Shule County,Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang were selected as the research objects(10%females and 4%males were randomly collected).Methods of literature collection and collating statistics,questionnaire survey,field interview,participatory discussion,expert discussion and other methods were adopted and the survey data were analyzed by SPSS software.【Result】96.8%of the women do all the housework;52.5%of the women had the experience of going out as migrant workers;39.7%of the women were co-breadwinners with their husbands,while 25.8%were the main breadwinners;women with decision-making power accounted for 94.93%,independent decision-making women accounted for 27.65%,and 67.28%of them made decisions jointly with their husbands,which showed that the social and economic status of women in rural families in southern Xinjiang was in the rising trend.99.5%of them thought that it was very important for them to receive education,62%of the women had the wish to go to university,69.3%of them wanted to raise their daughters to go to universities,75.6%of them wanted to raise their sons to go to universities.In short,the desire for their children to receive higher education was very urgent;97.2%of the women had the desire to learn a skill and 87.2%of the women had the desire to learn a skill and go out to work.90%of the women are satisfied with their current living situations and conditions.98.6%of women thought it was important for a woman to have independent thoughts,while only 1.4%thought it was important to follow her husband's thinking.The women hoped that village work team would stay there for a long period.【Conclusion】Women has played an important role in family life and social construction in southern Xinjiang,and they have clear national and civic awareness.However,their enthusiasm in politics is not high.Although their life quality has improved,their educational level still needs to be improved urgently.There is a certain degree of enthusiasm for women to participate in public activities,but their awareness of participating in village-level governance remains to be improved.In view of this,full play should be given to the comprehensive performance of women's federations at the grassroots level,thus their lives will be enriched,and their participation in social activities will be inspired,which will lead their full play to their group role.
作者
李苗
齐顾波
戴健
LI Miao;QI Gubo;DAI Jian(College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;Research Institute of Agricultural Economics and Science and Technology Information, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期2332-2339,共8页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅软科学研究项目“南疆农村少数民族妇女观念及社会影响调查研究-基于喀什疏勒县乡村的实证研究”(2017D07021)。
关键词
农村妇女
现状
多维度
实证分析
rural women
the status quo
multidimensional
the empirical analysis
