摘要
【目的】根据景观基因理论,构建昆明圆通寺景观基因指标体系,并识别提取景观基因特征,分析云南寺观园林的文化景观特质。旨在从文化地理学视角认识和保护云南寺观园林的景观基因,拓展景观基因理论的应用领域与内容体系,并为云南寺观园林的历史遗迹留存保护和旅游开发提供科学依据。【方法】以景观基因理论为指导,选取昆明圆通寺为研究对象,结合文献研究法、实地调研法、图解分析法等,从物质景观基因与文化特征基因两方面构建昆明圆通寺景观基因指标体系。综合运用景观基因的构成属性与提取方法,将圆通寺景观基因分为主体基因、附着基因、混合基因与变异基因,识别云南寺观园林的地域文化特质。【结果】昆明圆通寺的物质景观基因可从环境特征、景观布局、标志性建筑、水系景观空间形态、植物造景5个角度考量,文化特征基因可以从宗教文化、哲学思想、诗画意境3个角度考量。然后根据景观基因的构成属性识别提取结果为:圆通宝殿、八角亭主体建筑以及中轴对称的布局方式为圆通寺景观基因体系的主体基因。圆通胜境坊、天王殿、放生池、三孔石桥等景观元素在景观基因识别中对主体基因起辅助作用,归纳为附着基因。寺观选址、两系三传、铜佛殿等为混合基因。圆通寺在节假日举行的法事活动或宗教活动为变异基因。上述4种景观基因相辅相成,共同构建昆明圆通寺的景观基因体系。【结论】云南寺观园林的景观基因是“两系三传”佛教文化的渗透融合。通过提取与识别昆明圆通寺的景观基因,可凝练寺观园林地域文化的人文地理性和社会文化性。
【Objective】Based on the theory of landscape gene,the paper studied the landscape gene index system of Yuantong Temple in Kunming,identified and extracted the landscape gene characteristics,and analyzed the cultural landscape characteristics of Yunnan temple garden.The paper aimed to understand and protect the landscape gene of Yunnan temple garden from the perspective of cultural geography,expanded the application field and content system of landscape gene theory,and provided scientific basis for the preservation and protection of historical relics and tourism development of Yunnan temple garden.【Method】Guided by the theory of landscape gene,this study selected Yuantong Temple in Kunming as the research object,combined with literature research method,field investigation method,graphic analysis method and other research methods,constructed the landscape gene index system of Yuantong Temple in Kunming from two aspects of material landscape gene and cultural characteristic gene.The landscape gene of Yuantong Temple is divided into main gene,attachment gene,mixed gene and mutation gene by using the composition attribute and extraction method of landscape gene to identify the regional cultural characteristics of Yunnan temple garden.【Result】The material landscape gene of Yuantong temple in Kunming can be considered from five aspects:environmental characteristics,landscape layout,landmark buildings,water landscape spatial form and plant landscape,while the cultural feature gene can be considered from three aspects:religious culture,philosophical thought and artistic conception of poetry and painting.Then,according to the composition attribute of landscape gene,the extraction results are as follows:Yuantong palace,Octagonal pavilion and axial symmetry layout are the main genes of Yuantong temple landscape gene system.Landscape elements such as Yuantong shengjing gateway,Tianwang temple,Free life pond and Three span bridge play an auxiliary role in landscape gene identification,which can be summarized as attachment genes.Temple site selection,two systems and three biographies,and Bronze buddha temple are mixed genes.The ritual activities or religious activities held in Yuantong Temple on holidays are variant genes.These four landscape genes complement each other to construct the landscape gene system of Yuantong temple.【Conclusion】The landscape gene of Yunnan temple garden is the infiltration and fusion of“two systems and three transmission”Buddhist culture.By extracting and identifying the landscape genes of Yuantong Temple in Kunming,we can condense the regional culture of temple garden in terms of human geography and social culture.
作者
陈娟
王润强
唐雪琼
侯文琴
祝玉兰
CHEN Juan;WANG Runqiang;TANG Xueqiong;HOU Wenqin;ZHU Yulan(College of Geography and Ecotourism,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;The Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts,Guangzhou 510260,Guangdong,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期159-168,共10页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51668057)
云南省哲学社会科学艺术科学规划项目(A2019QZ24)
云南省哲学社会科学规划项目(YB2019033)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2017ZZX216)。
关键词
寺观园林
景观基因
基因识别
圆通寺
temple garden
landscape genes
gene identification
Yuantong temple
