摘要
为有效控制臭氧(O3)污染,改善咸宁市空气质量,根据咸宁市国控空气自动站及大气超级监测站对臭氧、挥发性有机物、气象参数的例行监测结果,运用数理统计方法分析咸宁市近地面臭氧污染特征,使用臭氧最大增量反应生成系数计算臭氧生成潜势。结果表明:咸宁市臭氧污染日主要集中在5—6月和8—9月,近3年以9月臭氧污染发生频率最高,臭氧超标率(超标天数/总天数)达30.0%;臭氧浓度日变化呈“单峰单谷”型特征,受外来传输影响可能性较大;日均气温为25.1~28.0℃时臭氧超标率最高,达23.6%,且臭氧超标率随相对湿度的增加而显著下降。咸宁市总挥发性有机物体积浓度为1.918×10^-8,质量浓度为58.66μg/m^3,臭氧生成潜势为87.7μg/m^3,间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、乙烯对臭氧的生成潜势贡献最大,其贡献率分别为34.5%、12.6%、10.1%;在非甲烷烃类化合物中,芳香烃的臭氧生成潜势最大,对臭氧生成潜势贡献率达到65.5%,控制涂料、油漆、合成香料、黏合剂和清洗剂等的排放能有效降低大气臭氧生成量;此外,森工产业排放的醛类物质对臭氧的潜在生成贡献可能较大。加强区域大气污染联防联控、基础研究和技术储备、重点行业污染源管控是咸宁市臭氧污染防治的主要对策建议。
In order to effectively control the ozone pollution and improve the air quality in Xianning,Hubei Province,and by using the routine monitor results of ozone,volatile organic compound,and meteorological parameter collected by state-controlled automatic air quality monitoring station and atmospheric environment monitoring super station in Xianning,the ozone pollution characteristics on ground layer were analyzed by mathematical statistics method,and the ozone potential formation coefficient was calculated by the method of maximum increment reaction of ozone formation.The results show that ozone pollution occurrs intensively from May to June and August to September every year.In recent three years,the highest frequency of occurrence was in September when the over-standard rate(ozone pollution days/the whole days)of ozone pollution reaches 30%.The daily variation of ozone concentration shows a single peak and single valley curve,and the ozone probably came from outside Xianning.Besides,the overstandard rate of ozone concentration reaches the maximum of 23.6%when the daily average temperature is between 25.1℃and 28.0℃,and it significantly decreases with the increase of relative humidity.The potential formation of ozone is 87.7μg/m^3 while the volume concentration of total volatile organic compound is 1.918×10^-8 and the mass concentration is 58.66μg/m^3.The most important contributors to the ozone formation potential are m-/p-xylene,o-xylene and ethylene with the rate of 34.5%、12.6%、10.1%,respectively.The aromatic hydrocarbon contributes the most among the non-methane hydrocarbons,with the ozone formation ratio of 65.5%.As a result,it is effective to decrease the ozone formation amount by controlling the emission of coating,paint,synthetic perfume,adhesive,cleaning agent and so on.The aldehydes emitted in forestry industry also probably contribute to the potential formation of ozone.It’s suggested to strengthen the joint prevention and control of regional air pollution,the fundamental research,the technology development and reserve,and the management and control of pollution source in all high pollution industry.
作者
程毅
刘晓烨
CHENG Yi;LIU Xiaoye(Xianning Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Attached to Department of Ecology and Environment of HuBei Province,Xianning 437100,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)
出处
《三峡生态环境监测》
2020年第4期8-18,共11页
Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges
基金
江汉大学博士启动基金(3003-06000023)。
关键词
臭氧(O3)
挥发性有机物
污染特征
生成潜势
来源解析
对策建议
ozone
volatile organic compound
pollution characteristics
formation potential
source apportionment
countermeasure and suggestion
