摘要
为了研究内蒙古融冠矿业查干敖包铁锌矿地表塌陷形成机制与发展机制,对矿区开展了详细的工程地质调查工作,采用结构面产状dips软件统计分析了矽卡岩和凝灰岩的结构面产状。基于塌陷坑和井下采空区调查的结果,详细分析了地表塌陷形成机制与发展机制。研究结果表明:矿区矽卡岩和凝灰岩的优势结构面产状分别有3组和4组;结构面倾角分别为77°~81°与85°~90°。塌陷坑在东西南三侧形成了陡立的岩体临空面,主要以倾倒形式破坏垮塌。塌陷坑北侧形成了台阶式滑坡,主要以弧形滑坡形式破坏。塌陷坑形成机制主要分为4个阶段:天然稳定阶段、冒落形成阶段、冒落扩展阶段、地表塌陷阶段。塌陷坑东西南三侧发展阶段:卸荷回弹阶段、裂隙面破裂张开阶段、裂隙面贯通垮塌阶段。塌陷坑北侧发展阶段:卸荷回弹阶段、压致拉裂面至下而上拉裂阶段、滑移面贯通滑移阶段。在矿体下盘形成了陡崖式的边坡,沿着矿体走向(NE30°)的地表形成大量的大小宽度不一的裂缝,有部分错台裂缝。地表塌陷的形成是由多种因素决定的,其中独特的地质条件是内因,地下采矿活动则是诱因,内、外因共同作用导致了这种塌陷坑形成机制和发展机制。在塌陷坑东北侧的岩土体受到了主动倾倒式破坏和北侧地表土圆弧形滑坡的牵引被动作用,形成了特殊形式的倾倒式破坏。研究成果为矿山安全生产与塌陷坑治理提供参考。
In order to study the formation and development mechanism of surface subsidence in Chaganaobao iron-zinc mine,Rongguan mining industry,Inner Mongolia,a detailed engineering geological survey was carried out in the mining area.The occurrence of structural planes of skarn and tuff were statistically analyzed by using software Dips.Based on the investigation results of subsidence pit and underground goaf,the formation and development mechanism of surface subsidence were analyzed in detail.The results show that:(1)there are three and four groups of dominant structural planes of skarn and tuff in the mining area,and the dip angles of structural planes vary from 77°to 81°and from 85°to 90°respectively.(2)The collapse pit forms a steep free face of rock mass on the three sides of the east-west and the south,which is mainly destroyed and collapsed in the form of dumping.Step type landslide is formed in the north side of the collapse pit,which is mainly destroyed in the form of arc-shaped landslide.(3)The formation mechanism of subsidence pit is mainly divided into four stages:natural stability stage-caving formation stage-caving extension stage-surface subsidence stage.The west,south and east sides of the collapse pit consist of three development stages:unloading rebound stage,fracture opening stage and fracture surface collapse stage.The development stages of the north side of the collapse pit include unloading rebound stage,compressive tensile crack bottom-up cracking stage and slip surface through slip stage.(4)A steep slope is formed at the footwall of the ore body,and a large number of fractures with different sizes and widths are generated along the strike of the ore body(NE30°),including some staggered fractures.The formation of surface subsidence is determined by multiple factors,among which the unique geological condition is the internal cause,whereas the underground mining activity acts as the inducement.The internal and external factors together account for the formation and development mechanism of the subsidence pit.(5)Subjected to the active toppling failure and passive traction of the surface soil arc landslide in the north side,the rock and soil masses in the northeast side of the collapse pit have experienced a special form of toppling failure.The findings of this paper provide references for mine safety production and collapse pit treatment.
作者
王飞飞
任青阳
邹平
虎万杰
马增
刘正宇
陈斌
WANG Fei-fei;REN Qing-yang;ZOU Ping;HU Wan-jie;MA Zeng;LIU Zheng-yu;CHENG Bin(School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety Technology of Metal Mines,Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410012,China)
出处
《岩土力学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期3757-3768,共12页
Rock and Soil Mechanics
基金
国际与区域科技创新合作重点研发项目(No.2018WK2052)
国家重点研发计划重点专项课题项目(No.2016YFC0802206-3)
国家自然科学基金项目(No.41472262)
重庆市高校创新研究群体项目(No.CXQT19021)
交通运输行业高层次技术人才培养项目(No.2018-26)。
关键词
采矿工程
地质灾害
地表塌陷
塌陷机制
现场调查
mining engineering
geological disaster
surface collapse
collapse mechanism
field investigation
