摘要
基于中国综合社会调查数据,通过准入率和成功率的乘积计算我国高等教育的逆袭指数和继承指数。前者反映高等教育对农业劳动者阶层的子女成为管理与专业人员的作用(逆袭效应),后者反映高等教育对管理与专业人员阶层的子女复制阶层地位的作用(继承效应)。改革开放以来,我国高等教育的逆袭指数明显低于继承指数,且这种劣势在本科层次比大专层次更为突出,其原因在于:农业劳动者阶层子女的高等教育准入率明显低于管理与专业人员阶层子女的高等教育准入率,且这种劣势在本科层次比大专层次更为突出;农业劳动者阶层接受高等教育的子女比管理与专业人员阶层接受高等教育的子女的成功率稍高,但这种优势在大专层次比本科层次略为突出。通过建立四个模型进行实证研究可验证上述因素。建议政府努力确保社会底层享有“公平而有质量”的高等教育机会。
On the basis of the data of China General Social Survey,this paper calculates the counterattack indexes and the inheritance indexes of higher education.The counterattack index reflects the counterattack effect,that is,the effect of higher education in terms of making the offspring of the agricultural workers be professionals,administrators and managers.The inheritance index reflects the inheritance effect,that is,the effect of higher education in helping the offspring of the professionals,administrators and managers to maintain the status.The counterattack index is obviously lower than the inheritance index since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy.However,the comparative inferior status is much more outstanding in the undergraduate level than in the junior college level.The reasons are as follows.First,the college access rate of the offspring of the farmers is significantly lower than the offspring of the professionals and managers and the comparative inferior status in terms of college access is much more outstanding in the undergraduate level.Second,the success rate of the offspring of the agricultural workers is slightly higher than that of the offspring of the professionals,administrators and managers,but such comparative superior is a little more obvious in the junior college level than in the undergraduate level.The above factors can be testified empirically through four models.It is recommended that the government strive to ensure the lower social class to acquire equitable and high-quality opportunities of higher education.
作者
乐志强
尹科
Zhiqiang Yue;Ke Yin(Institute of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022;Core Curriculum Department,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Nanchang 330013)
出处
《教育与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期59-67,84,共10页
Education & Economy
基金
江西省教育科学规划课题“高考分省招生制度背景下高等教育入学机会不平等的实证研究”(编号:20YB016)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“教育与经济发展关系及其贡献研究”(编号:15JZD040)。
关键词
改革开放
社会阶层
高等教育
逆袭效应
继承效应
the reform and opening-up policy
social class
higher education
counterattack effect
inheritance effect
