摘要
泥炭地是重要的沼泽湿地类型,提供固碳、水文调节、生物多样性维护等多种生态系统服务功能。受侵蚀、火灾等自然灾害以及排水、开垦、过牧和基础建设等强烈的人为干扰,全球泥炭地面积缩减、功能不断退化,成为气候变化背景下的碳源。位于青藏高原东北部的若尔盖高原拥有全球面积最大的高原泥炭地,在全球气候变化和区域生态安全中具有特殊地位。近年来若尔盖高原也出现湿地减少、功能衰退等生态问题,由于其区位特殊,修复技术缺乏可以直接借鉴的经验,现有技术储备不能满足自然资源保护管理的要求。本文在综述若尔盖高原退化湿地生态修复技术基础上,参考国际上泥炭地修复经验,结合高寒湿地的特点,提出构建包括可修复性诊断、修复技术集成、生态监测和修复效果评价等内容的退化高原泥炭地修复技术体系,并对体系构建的科技需求进行了探讨,旨在为我国退化高原泥炭地生态修复提供参考。
Peatlands are an important type of wetland with a variety of ecosystem services,including carbon sequestration,hydrological regulation,and biodiversity conservation.Under the influence of natural disasters(erosion and fire)and human disturbance(drainage,reclamation,overgrazing and infrastructure construction),the area of global peatlands is shrinking and their functions are gradually degraded,becoming a carbon source in the context of global climate change.The Zoige Plateau,located in the northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,has the largest plateau peatlands in the world and plays a special role in global climate change and regional ecological security.In recent years,the Zoige Plateau has experienced reduction of wetland area and the decline of their function.Because of its special geographic location,there is no direct experience in the restoration of degraded wetlands,and the existing recovery technology cannot fulfill the requirement of natural resource protection and management.Based on the current status of restoration technology in the Zoige Plateau region,combined with the characteristics of alpine wetlands,we proposed technical schemes for the restoration of degraded alpine peatlands according to the progress on the restoration of other degraded peatlands.The schemes include recoverability diagnosis,restoration technology integration,and ecological monitoring and restoration effect evaluation.The scientific and technological needs of the scheme construction are discussed,aiming to provide reference for the restoration of degraded ecosystems in the alpine peatlands of China.
作者
朱耀军
马牧源
赵娜娜
ZHU Yao-jun;MA Mu-yuan;ZHAO Na-na(Research Institute of Wetland,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Wetland Research Centre of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期4185-4192,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家重点研发计划“退化高寒湿地生态修复技术研发与示范”(2017YFC0504802)资助。
关键词
若尔盖高原
高原泥炭地
水文修复
植被恢复
生态监测
Zoige Plateau
alpine peatland
hydrological recovery
vegetation restoration
ecological monitoring
