摘要
四川安岳地区自盛唐之后直至两宋时期,是我国西南地区重要的石窟造像中心之一,至今保存有石窟造像地点220余处。目前安岳境内现存已发现的最早两处纪年题记为"开元十年""开元十一年",另有十余处"开元"年间的题记,可知安岳石窟大致始凿于这一时期。在这一时期,刻经是最先出现的题材之一,通过石窟材料与文献材料相结合的方式,可以认识安岳刻经出现的历史背景。
The heyday of Tang Dynasty witnessed a pronounced shift in the construction of Buddhism statues from Central Plains in Northern China to Southwestern China. This enduring trend continued until the Northern and Southern Song dynasties. Sichuan Province of Southwestern China is therefore a key region for the study of artistic change of grotto sculptures from mid Tang dynasty to the Northern and Southern Song dynasties. Due to its important geographic location, Anyue region in the Tang dynasty(under the governance of Puzhou at that time) became one of the core areas of grotto statue creation. More than 220 sites of Tang dynasty grottoes are still extant in Anyue. Based on the earliest inscriptions known so far which provide chronological information of creation as "the 10 th year of Kaiyuan period" and "the 11 th year of Kaiyuan period", it can be inferred that the creation of Anyue Grottoes roughly started in this period. Scripture engraving was one of the earliest themes since then. The combination of grottoes and literature evidence facilitates our understanding on the historical background of the emergence of Anyue scripture engravings. In ancient times, scripture engraving in grottoes was usually associated with the desire to preserve Buddhism in the so-called "end of the world" scenario. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong’s reign in Tang Dynasty, in order to strengthen thought control, the rulers tightened regulations on Buddhism, which were strictly implemented by officials in Sichuan area and increased the fear of "end of the world" among the local Buddhist monks and believers. In addition, Anyue was located at the midpoint of the main road linking major Buddhist regions, for example, Zizhou and Suizhou, making it possible for migrating Buddhist monks and believers to engrave scriptures and create grotto statues in Anyue. The phenomenon of scripture engravings cutting into early statues in Wofoyuan( 卧佛院, "Temple of Reclining Buddha") also proves that scripture engraving started around the 10 th year of Kaiyuan period.
出处
《四川文物》
北大核心
2020年第6期96-105,共10页
Sichuan Cultural Relics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中印石窟寺研究”(项目编号:15ZDB058)。
关键词
安岳石窟
刻经
发端
Anyue Grottoes
Scripture engraving
Beginning
