摘要
虽然中国龙卷发生概率极低,但近几年的多个强龙卷事件引起了极大的社会关注。总结了中国龙卷气候分布特征、环流背景和环境条件研究进展,包括总体气候分布和热带气旋(TC)龙卷气候分布特征以及梅雨期、冷涡和TC龙卷的环境条件特征等。中国龙卷除了东部和部分中部平坦地区是多发区外,也需要关注河北北部和内蒙古的东南同辽宁交界附近区域也有较多龙卷发生;此外,青藏高原也有弱龙卷发生;平均每年约发生5次TC龙卷。中国记录到最强的龙卷强度为EF4级,1951—2020年共记录到7次。中国发生较多龙卷的天气环流背景是梅雨、冷涡和TC。梅雨背景下的强龙卷通常具备了中气旋龙卷所有有利条件,冷涡背景下强龙卷较不利的环境条件是较差的低层湿度条件,而TC龙卷的环境条件之一是对流有效位能值较低(约200~1000 J/kg)。下一步,建立一个可靠的中国龙卷个例数据库非常必要,中国中气旋龙卷和非中气旋龙卷的环境条件和机理研究都还需要进一步深入完善。
Although the occurrence probability of tornadoes in China is extremely low,several intense tornado events have received a great deal of attention in recent years.This paper summarizes the research progress on the climatological distribution characteristics,circulation backgrounds and environmental conditions of tornadoes in China,including the overall climatology and the climatology of tropical cyclone(TC)tornadoes,as well as the environmental conditions of tornadoes occurring inside the Meiyu systems,cold vortex and TC.In addition to the central plain areas in the eastern part and central part of China which frequently experience tornadoes,attention should also be paid to the northern Hebei and southeastern Inner Mongolia border areas with Liaoning.In addition,weak tornadoes also occur in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.TC tornadoes occur about 5 times per year on average.The most intense tornadoes recorded in China reached EF4,with 7 tornadoes recorded from 1951 to 2020.The synoptic background for more tornadoes in China is Meiyu,cold vortex and TC.Strong tornadoes under the background of Meiyu usually have all the favorable conditions of mesocyclone tornadoes.The low-level humidity of tonado environment under the cold vortex is low,while the convective available potential energy of TC tornado is weaker(200−1000 J/kg).It is necessary to establish a reliable database of tornado cases in China,and the environmental conditions and mechanisms of mesocyclonic and nonmesocyclonic tornado still need to be further studied.
作者
郑永光
Zheng Yongguang(National Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081)
出处
《气象科技进展》
2020年第6期69-75,共7页
Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1507504和2017YFC1502003)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41375051)
中国工程科技中长期发展战略研究领域战略研究项目(2019-ZCQ-06)。
关键词
龙卷
气候
天气环流背景
环境条件
tornado
climatology
synoptic background
environmental condition
