摘要
食糖是人类重要的能量来源。它既是人民生活的必需品,也是我国农产品加工业特别是食品和医药行业及下游产业的重要基础原料和国家重要的战略物资。我国是世界上为数不多既产甘蔗糖又产甜菜糖的国家。近些年,国际食糖供需基本处于紧平衡,即:丰年略有余,灾年略不足,国内年缺口达1/3,约500万t。因此,发展我国糖料生产,促进制糖产业高质量绿色持续平稳发展,对保障我国食糖供给安全和把“糖罐子”牢牢端在自己的手里具有重要意义。当前我国糖料产业发展总体表现为:糖料面积产量止跌企稳并呈现向优势产区集中态势,科技贡献突显、糖料单产及含糖稳中有增。面临的主要问题是:食糖生产成本过高、糖料产业总体竞争力不足,甘蔗种植条件差、机械收割困难,优异品种少及更新换代慢、加工技术落后于生产需要,糖料生产环节中水肥管理及病虫害防控措施与机械化配套应用急需加强,面对国际糖价周期性波动的冲击尚无成熟的应对措施。未来我国糖料产业高质量、绿色发展应坚持以稳面积、提产能(提单产和蔗糖含量),推进农机与农艺技术融合配套的高效栽培模式,南甘蔗北甜菜协同发展战略,以降本提质增效与环境和谐友好的高质量、绿色发展为目标,达到我国食糖产业综合竞争力提升和保障国家食糖有效供给为目的。
Sugar is an important energy source for human beings.It is not only the living necessity,but also an important basic raw material for China's agricultural products processing industry,especially the food and medicine industry and downstream industries,and an important strategic product of the country.China is also one of the few countries in the world that produces both sugarcane and sugar beet.In recent years,the international sugar supply and demand was basically in a tight balance,that is to say,there was a little surplus in the bumper year and a little insufficient in the disaster year,and the domestic annual gap was 1/3,about 5 million tons.Therefore,the development of sugar production in China,the promotion of high-quality green sustainable and stable development of sugar industry are of great significance to ensure the safety of sugar supply in China and to become self-sufficient in sugar.At present,the overall development of sugar industry in China were as follows:the yield and area of sugar crops stopped falling and stabilized,and concentrated to the dominant production area,the scientific and technological contribution was prominent,and the yield and sugar content were steadily increasing.The main problems for the high-quality development of China's sugar industry were:high cost of sugar production,insufficient overall competitiveness of sugar industry,poor land conditions of sugarcane,the difficulty in mechanical harvesting,the lack of excellent varieties and the slow renewal and replacement,the backward processing technology,strengthening the water and fertilizer management and pest control,no mature response measures to the impact of periodic fluctuations in international sugar prices.In the future,the high-quality green development of sugar industry should persist in stabilizing area,increasing production capacity(the yield and sucrose content),promoting the high efficiency cultivation mode of agricultural machinery and agronomic technology,and the cooperative development strategy of coordinated development of sugarcane in the south and sugar beet in the north,with the goal of reducing cost,improving quality and efficiency,and environmental harmony and friendly high-quality green development,to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of China's sugar industry and realize the purpose of ensuring the effective supply of sugar.
作者
白晨
BAI Chen(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Huhhot 010031)
出处
《中国糖料》
2021年第1期62-66,共5页
Sugar Crops of China
基金
国家糖料产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-17)资助。
关键词
糖料
甘蔗
甜菜
产业
绿色发展
sugar crops
sugarcane
sugar beet
industry
green development
