摘要
科学地描述配电损耗引起的电价变化,是配电网经济运行和经济运营的理论基础,也是交易公平性的必要保证.在配电市场化过程中,配电损耗划分方法成为亟待解决的核心技术.由于缺乏必要的理论支撑,尽管历经多年研究,仍然没有一种方法获得一致认可.为此,我们从理论角度证明功率分量理论的追踪结果满足电路基本定律,从根本上解除人们对此问题的疑虑.同时指出采用功率分量理论追踪得到的每一个单电源供电的功率流所包含的电气参量中,功率信息满足能量守恒性质,电压和电流信息满足基尔霍夫定律,加之具有固定的网络拓扑结构和支路阻抗,说明追踪得到单电源供电功率流符合电网运行的物理规律,可以将其视为一个单电源供电网络.针对能量流转化为经济流的命题,提出采用两次潮流追踪的方式构建单电源向单负荷供电网络,并以此作为经济核算单元.一方面,理清了损耗功率与负荷的对应关系,从物理层面上诠释了谁使用谁支付的原则;另一方面,依据费用守恒原则,建立潮流与费用流相一致的负荷电价计算模型,从经济层面实现谁使用谁支付原则.由于单电源向单负荷供电网络具有电源注入费用等于负荷汲取费用的特性,因此利用该特性可以建立基于端口参量的负荷电价模型.这是一种配电成本电价的计算方法.对于多电源网络,在通过潮流追踪构建的单电源向单负荷供电网络中,位置相同的负荷所汲取的费用之和为该负荷汲取的总费用,并依据费用守恒原则计算负荷电价.由于该电价计算模型既不涉及网络内部结构与参数,也不需要进行逆流追踪运算,因此极大程度地降低了计算量,为工程应用奠定了基础.
Scientifically describing the changes in electricity prices, caused by distribution losses, is the theoretical basis for the economic and commercial operation of a distribution network that guarantees fair trade. Because of marketization, the method of decreasing distribution loss has become a central technological challenge. Due to the lack of necessary theoretical support, despite years of research, no standardized method exists to calculate the cost of distribution loss. This study theoretically proves that the tracing result of the power component theory satisfies the basic circuit law, and addresses reservations regarding this subject. This work highlights that the electrical parameters(calculated using the power component theory) of each of the single-source supply power flows satisfy the conservation property of energy, Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws, fixed network topology, and branch impedance. It shows that the single-source supply power flow(obtained by tracing) satisfies the physical power grid operation law. Therefore, it can be regarded as a single-source supply network. By assuming the hypothesis that energy flow is transformed into an economic flow,double the power flow tracing to construct a single-source single-load supply network is proposed. Each of these networks is solved as an economic accounting unit. First, the method clarifies the corresponding relationship between power loss and load, and explains the principle of "who uses, who pays for it" from the physical standpoint. Second, a node price calculation model is established according to the conservation principle of expense that states that the power flow is consistent with expense flow. Therefore, realizing the principle of "who uses who pays for it" from an economic standpoint. The single-source single-load supply network characteristic suggests that the injection expense of the power source equals the extraction expense of the load. This characteristic is used to establish the node price model based on port parameters, achieving a calculation method of the cost of electricity for a distribution system. For a multi-source supply network, consisting of single-source single-load supply networks(obtained by power flow tracing),the sum of extraction expenses of the loads with the same position is equal to the total extraction expense of the load. Because this electricity price model does not use the internal structure and parameters of a network or requires upstream tracing calculation, it significantly reduces the number of calculations and lays a foundation for future engineering applications.
作者
鲍海
BAO Hai(School of Electrical&Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《中国科学：技术科学》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期1597-1611,共15页
Scientia Sinica(Technologica)
关键词
潮流追踪
功率分量
可变配电成本
电路理论
电力市场
power flow tracing
power component
variable distribution cost
circuit theory
electricity market
