摘要
由现实主义和自由主义组成的“霍布斯—基欧汉”理论区间对于当下国际关系的解释力和预测力日趋下降,是否存在更为精准的自变量解释当下的大国行为?这种自变量的作用机制是什么?这是文章要回答的核心问题。以“霍布斯—基欧汉”区间为代表的理性政治思想主要对应国家在物质主义阶段寻求物质层面生存与发展的需求,而当世界主要大国进入后物质主义阶段后,寻求自身存在的意义则成为新的刚性需求。因此,在国际政治中,以意义追问、无限博弈及实践本国独特性为特征的身份政治或将取代理性政治而兴起,进而导致大国行为出现新的特点和规律,并需要新的理论工具加以诠释。文章将国际政治中的身份政治定义为“主权国家以明确和彰显其价值取向、思维方式、行为习惯的绝对独特性为目的的思想和行为方式”。通过对比分析美苏争霸和中美竞争中的身份政治要素,文章验证了身份政治在物质层面的作用规律,还从身份政治的角度对中国崛起进行了新的诠释,提出了新的策略。
The explanatory power and relevance of theories based on the realism and liberalism characterized by the“Hobbs-Keohane”Range of thought continues to decline in the field of international relations.This begs the question-is there an alternative independent variable that can be applied to explain the behavior of great powers more persuasively?If so,what is the explanatory mechanism behind such a variable?These are the core questions addressed in this article.Rational political theory from the tradition represented by Hobbs and Keohane responds largely to the materialistic needs of states for survival and development.However,as major great powers entered into a phase in their development characterized by“post-materialism”,a new need for states to identify a sense of meaning beyond survival began to emerge.Identity politics,characterized by the quest for self-meaning,infinite games,and exhibition of unique characteristics,has started turning out,and may be gradually replacing rational politics.This has led to new patterns of behavior of great states,which can be understood only through some new theoretical tools.This article defines identify politics within the field of international politics as“the sovereign states’ideological and behavioral modalities practiced in purpose of demonstrating and clarifying their absolutely unique values,thinkings or behavioral norms”.Through a comparison of how identity politics featured in U.S.-Soviet hegemonic game and Sino-U.S.strategic competition respectively,this article illuminates the implications of identity politics vis-à-vis material factors.It further re-interprets China’s rise in the perspective of identity politics,offering new relevant strategies.
作者
张一飞
Zhang Yifei(the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《当代亚太》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期41-75,154,共36页
Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies
关键词
理性政治
身份政治
美苏争霸
中美竞争
Rational Politics
Identity Politics
U.S.-Soviet Hegemonic Competition
Sino-U.S.Competition