摘要
德国联邦议会于1994年通过了长期护理保险的议案,从而确立了世界上第一个长期护理保险制度。这一制度是在经济黯淡、失业率高涨、两德统一的巨大财政负担下建立的,实施的是广覆盖、宽准入、中低水准的待遇给付,通过各种不同的制度安排将非雇员的居民及社会弱势群体纳入到国民长期护理保险中来。德国在2017年以来的改革中在长期护理鉴定、分类及分级中大幅增加了对于认知障碍、失智及精神、心理和社会因素的考虑,因而继续走在全球长护事业的前列。德国长期护理保险制度及其改革经验值得我们探讨与学习。
In 1994,the Bundestag passed the bill on long-term care insurance,thus establishing the world’s first longterm care insurance system.This system was established under the shadow of huge financial burden of economic gloom,high unemployment rate and reunification of Germany.It implemented wide coverage,wide access and low and medium levels of benefits.Through various institutional arrangements,non-employees and residents as well as socially vulnerable groups were also included in the long-term care insurance.In the reform since 2017,Germany has greatly increased the consideration of cognitive impairment,dementia and spiritual,psychological and social factors in the identification and classification of long-term care,thus continuing to lead the global long-term care movement.Germany’s long-term care insurance system and its reform experience are worthy of our discussion and study.
作者
刘涛
LIU Tao(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Research Center for Livelihood Security and Public Governance,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2021年第1期74-86,共13页
Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AGL018)。
关键词
德国
长期护理
社会保险
政治决策
Germany
long-term care
social security
political decision
