摘要
2019年我国正式开启国土空间规划体系的构建,其中乡镇是尺度最小但非常重要的一个层级。我国的“乡镇”在法国可以粗略对应市镇联合体(Intercommunalité),因此乡镇规划也可以对应为市镇及其联合体编制的地方城市规划(Plan Local d'Urbanisme)。本文通过对法国国土空间及规划体系的简要介绍,说明我国“乡镇”在法国国土中具有可比性的空间单元是市镇联合体,并介绍其规划在法国国土空间规划体系中的定位、编制的内容、程序、审批方式,以及这一规划的实施所依赖的法国特色的制度背景。本文认为法国的“乡镇”在国土空间中具有按需设置、自发联合的特点,这有利于根据实际情况确定乡镇规划的空间范围和等级;法国的乡镇规划具有很强的约束性、实施性、可抗辩性,对具体空间资源的分配起到重要作用,可以以此指导规划建设的具体活动并在纠纷中作为法律证据。这源于乡镇规划与其他规划在技术上的良好衔接,也有赖法国完善的规划立法体系和管理体系的保障,而策略层面,法典制和国家建筑师制度保障了规划工具的价值观念和政策导向能够与时俱进的稳健更新。
In China,the establishment of territorial spatial planning system was officially started in 2019,where township is the smallest but a very important level.China's towns can roughly correspond to the intercommunalitéin France,so the township planning in China can also correspond to the Plan Local d'Urbanism in France.This article briefly introduces the territorial spatial planning system of French towns and villages,showing that'town'in China is the counterpart of intercommunalitéin France,and introduces the content of its plan and the procedure of its approbation,and the orientation,contents,procedure,approval in the planning system,with all the background.The characteristics of the planning includes on-demand setting up,and spontaneous combination in the territorial space,which is conducive to determining the spatial scope and level of township planning according to the actual situation.The township planning in France has a strong legal force and defensibility,which plays an important role in the allocation of specific space resources,and can guide the specific activities of planning and construction.This is due to the good technical connection between township planning and other planning,and it also depends on the perfect planning legislation and management system in France.At the strategic level,the code system and the national architect system guarantee that the values and policy guidance of planning tools can be steadily updated with the times.
出处
《小城镇建设》
2020年第12期35-41,共7页
DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL CITIES & TOWNS
关键词
国土空间规划
规划体系
乡镇
市镇联合体
法国
territorial spatial planning
planning system
township
intercommunalité
France
