摘要
为了明确不同类型缓控释肥搭配脲铵在水稻减氮和节本增效方面的应用效果,特开展田间试验,以嘉兴地区常规施肥(N 225 kg·hm^-2)为对照(CK),研究了分别基于木质素类缓控释肥好乐耕(HL)、脲甲醛类缓控释肥永笑(YX)、硝化抑制剂类缓控释肥开擂喽(KL)与脲铵搭配的一基一追模式,在较CK减氮0、20%、35%和50%条件下对常规粳稻产量、氮素利用效率和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,一基一追模式下减氮量超过20%时水稻产量显著(P<0.05)下降,主要原因为单位面积穗数和每穗粒数下降比例大于结实率和千粒重的增加比例。随施氮量减少,一基一追模式下水稻的氮素利用效率增加,其中,KL与脲铵组合的减氮50%处理氮素利用效率最高,达20.1 kg·kg^-1,且其谷物氮素生理利用效率较CK显著(P<0.05)增加14.7%。YX与脲铵组合的减氮20%处理的氮素吸收效率比CK显著(P<0.05)增加12.4%,表观氮肥回收效率显著(P<0.05)增加22.3%。一基一追模式下,施氮量减少时,土壤碱解氮含量下降;但是,不减氮条件下,其土壤碱解氮含量较CK显著(P<0.05)增加7.44%~9.57%。当选用KL与脲胺结合时土壤pH值较CK显著(P<0.05)下降0.17~0.31个单位。综合考虑产量、氮素利用效率、表观氮肥回收效率和土壤养分,一基一追模式下较CK减氮20%较为合理,且以脲甲醛类缓控释肥搭配脲铵的效果最佳。
In the present study,a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different controlled-release fertilizers(CRFs)with urea ammonium(AU)on the yield,nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)and soil nutrients.The conventional fertilization method(N 225 kg·hm^-2)was introduced as CK,and three CRFs,namely,lignin-based CRF Haolegeng(HL),urea formaldehyde-based CRF Yongxiao(YX),and nitrification inhibitor-based CRF Kaileilou(KL),were selected to form three CRF+AU modes(HL+AU,YX+AU,and KL+AU),and the N input in these modes was reduced by 0,20%,35%and 50%as compared with CK,respectively.It was shown that there was no significant difference in yield within the treatments of CRF+AU modes with 20%N reduction and CK.However,when N reduction rate was 35%and 50%,the yields of rice under CRF+AU modes decreased significantly(P<0.05),which could be attributed to greater ratio of decreases in panicles per unit area and grains per panicle compared to seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight.The NUE increased with the reduction of N input under CRF+AU modes.When N reduction rate was 50%,NUE was the highest(20.1 kg·kg^-1)under KL+AU modes,and its grain physiological N-use efficiency(PE-grain)was significantly(P<0.05)increased by 14.7%than CK.When N reduction rate was 20%under YX+AU modes,the nitrogen uptake efficiency(NupE)and apparent N recovery efficiency(ANR)were significantly(P<0.05)increased by 12.4%and 22.3%,respectively,as compared with CK.Under CRF+AU modes,with the higher N reduction rate,the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzable N showed decreasing trends.However,the content of soil alkali hydrolyzable N was significantly(P<0.05)increased by 7.44%-9.57%than CK under CRR+AU modes without N reduction.Compared with CK,the soil pH under KL+AU was significantly(P<0.05)reduced by 0.17-0.31 pH unit.Based on the results of grain yield,NUE,ANR and soil nutrients,it was more reasonable to reduce N by 20%than CK under CRF+AU modes,and YX+AU had the best effect among them.
作者
陈贵
鲁晨妮
石艳平
倪雄伟
程旺大
张红梅
王保君
张丽萍
孙达
CHEN Gui;LU Chenni;SHI Yanping;NI Xiongwei;CHENG Wangda;ZHANG Hongmei;WANG Baojun;ZHANG Liping;SUN Da(Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China;Soil, Fertilizer, Plant Protection and Rural Energy Station of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314050, China;Agricultural and Fishery Technology Extension Station of Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Jiaxing 314051, China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期122-130,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
嘉兴市科技计划(2018AY11020,2017AZ13025)。
关键词
缓控释肥
脲铵
施肥模式
氮素利用效率
土壤养分
controlled-release fertilizer
urea ammonium
fertilization mode
nitrogen use efficiency
soil nutrients
