摘要
《中华人民共和国民法典》及其司法解释对于法人的分支机构、职能部门签订的保证合同,视情况分别适用职务代理、狭义的无权代理或表见代理的规定;对于因欺诈、胁迫等手段而成立的保证合同,改无效旧制为可撤销模式;对于越权保证效力的认定,采取结合第504条与《中华人民共和国公司法》第16条第1款、第2款的规定的路径及方法;对于共同保证人相互之间的关系,规定连带负责和享有追偿权;不但承认国际贸易中的独立保证,而且有条件地认可国内贸易中的独立保函;有条件地承认当事人约定的保证期间,放弃了2年的保证期间,在保证期间与诉讼时效的衔接方面放弃了诉讼时效中断和中止的规则,只设置了起算规则;在主债合同变化与保证责任之间的关系方面,大幅度地吸纳了司法解释的规定。关于适用民法典有关担保制度的司法解释一概否认保证合同约定的违约金,失之偏颇,应予修正;在无法识别是债务加入还是保证的前提下适用关于保证的规定,有一定道理。
According to the Civil Code of the People′s Republic of China and its judicial interpretation,the guarantee contract signed by the branches and functional departments of a legal person shall be subject to the provisions of duty agency,unauthorized agency or apparent agency in a narrow sense,as the case may be.The guarantee contract established by means of fraud and coercion shall be changed from invalid to revocable Mode.For the determination of the effectiveness of ultra vires guarantee,the path and method of combining Article 504 with the provisions of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of Article 16 of the Company Law of the People′s Republic of China should be followed.For the relationship between the co guarantors,the joint liability and the right of recourse are stipulated.Not only the independent guarantee in international trade is recognized,but also the independent guarantee in domestic trade is conditionally recognized.The guarantee period agreed by the parties are conditionally recognized,the two-year guarantee period is abandoned,in the connection between the guarantee period and the limitation of action,the rules of interruption and suspension of the limitation of action is abandoned,and only the starting rule is set.In terms of the relationship between the change of the principal debt contract and the guaranty liability,the provisions of judicial interpretation are greatly absorbed.The judicial interpretation on the application of the guarantee system in the Civil Code denies the liquidated damages stipulated in the guarantee contract,which is biased and should be amended.It is reasonable to apply the provisions on guarantee on the premise that it is impossible to identify whether it is debt or guarantee.
出处
《中州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期60-72,共13页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“担保制度新发展及其法律规制研究”(19AFX013)。
关键词
保证
从属性
独立性
保证期间
追偿权
guarantee
subordination
independence
guarantee period
recourse
