力量板块周期训练对我国优秀越野滑雪运动员运动表现影响的研究被引量：10

A Research on the Effect of Strength Block Periodization Training on Chinese Elite Cross Country Skiers’Performance

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摘要目的:探究力量板块训练对越野滑雪运动员滑行成绩及相关运动表现的影响,并对力量板块促进耐力项目运动表现提升的机制与训练方法进行探讨。方法:对我国19名越野滑雪青年队运动员(9名男性和10名女性)进行为期8周、以提升滑行速度为目标的力量板块训练干预(包含最大力量、超等长和提升爆发力耐力等多种力量训练形式)。板块训练阶段,提高力量与速度训练总量的同时,保证总训练时长及负荷不变,通过前后测对比得出研究结论。结果:1)运动员短距离和长距离成绩都有非常显著的提高(P<0.001);2)骨骼肌总量、1 RM卧推和深蹲、Y平衡测试、VO2max测功仪、GE、CMJ、SJ、EUR、上下肢30 s无氧功等都显著提升(P<0.001),体脂率和下肢维度无显著变化;3)VO2max跑台/(mL^-1·min^-1·kg^-1)有所降低,并且在低强度下脂肪酸供能比例有所下降,可能对长距离成绩产生一定消极影响;4)力量与速度板块训练可能通过影响骨骼肌总量、神经肌肉控制能力、改变肌纤维募集方式和提高能量利用效率等方式影响越野滑雪耐力表现。 Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of strength block periodization on cross country skiers’competitive capacity and related performance,and to explore the mechanism and training methods.Methods:During 8-week intervention period,19 youth cross country skiers(9 males and 10 females)performed strength block periodization(including the maximum strength,plyometric and explosive endurance training),in order to improve the speed capacity of skiing,without changing the total training time and training load.Finally,the conclusion was drawn through the comparison between pre and post-test.Results:1)The sprint and distance performance of athletes have been significantly improved(P<0.001);2)the total skeletal muscle,1 RM bench press and squat,Y balance test,VO2max(ergometer test),GE,CMJ,SJ,EUR,30 s power(upper and lower limbs)have been significantly improved(P<0.001).The fat rate and lower limb dimension have no significant changes;3)the VO2max[treadmill test/(ml^-1·min^-1·kg^-1)]and the proportion of fatty acid energy supply under low intensity have been decreased,which may bring negative effect to distance performance;4)strength block periodization may affect cross country skiing endurance performance by affecting the total amount of skeletal muscle,neuromuscular control ability,changing the way of muscle fiber recruit,and improving the energy utilization efficiency.

作者尹一全孟庆军叶茂盛王寅博邱招义 YIN Yiquan;MENG Qingjun;YE Maosheng;WANG Yinbo;QIU Zhaoyi(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区北京体育大学清华大学

出处《中国体育科技》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第12期17-26,43,共11页 China Sport Science and Technology

基金国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300406) 国家社会科学基金重点项目(16ATY004) 中央高校专项资金资助课题(2019PY010、校2020082)。

关键词力量训练板块周期越野滑雪耐力表现运动效率 strength training block periodization cross country skiing endurance performance gross efficiency

分类号 G863.13 [文化科学—体育训练]

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