摘要
粮堆埋人事故发生率高,人员生还率低。为研究事故发生原因和预防措施,采用事故致因"2-4"模型对46起粮堆埋人事故进行分析。首先,从个人层面分析事故的直接原因和间接原因;其次,从组织层面分析事故发生的根本原因和根源原因;最后,构建粮堆埋人事故致因链,提出预防对策。结果表明:在不稳定粮堆表面作业、安全培训不到位等不安全动作和挡粮板设计不合理等不安全物态是导致事故的直接原因;安全知识不足、安全意识不高和安全习惯不佳是事故发生的间接原因;安全检查制度、外包管理制度、安全设施设备管理制度等的缺欠和落实不到位,结拱、挂壁处理和粮食出入仓作业规程等的缺欠或未严格规范人员作业是事故发生的根本原因;事故发生的根源原因是安全文化缺欠。
The incidence of people buried in grain dumps is high,and the rate of survivors is low.In order to study the causation of accidents and preventive measures,46 accidents involving people buried in grain piles were analyzed using the"2-4"model.First,the direct and indirect causation of the accident were analyzed from the individual level.second,the basical causation and root causation of the accident were analyzed from the organizational level.Finally,the causation chain of the accident of the people buried in the grain pile and propose preventive measures were build.The results show that unsafety actions such as working on the surface of unstable grain piles,inadequate safety training,and unsafety physical conditions such as unreasonable design of the grain board are the direct causations of the accident;insufficient safety knowledge,low safety awareness,and poor safety habits are the indirect causation of the accident;the lack of safety inspection system,outsourcing management system,safety facilities,equipment management system,arching,and the lack of operation procedures to deal with arching and wall-mounting,and the lack of grain storage operations procedures are the root causes of accidents;the root causation of accident is the lack of safety culture.
作者
崔鹏程
张涛
陈鑫
CUI Peng-cheng;ZHANG Tao;CHEN Xin(Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 100037,China)
出处
《科技和产业》
2021年第1期286-292,共7页
Science Technology and Industry
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0805900)。
关键词
2-4模型
粮堆埋人
原因分析
预防对策
2-4 model
buried in grain dumps
causation analysis
preventive measures
