摘要
【目的】筛选适宜双季稻地区直播的高产、稳产及抗倒伏晚稻品种,为此类品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以适宜江西省赣北地区种植的24个晚稻品种(品系)为试验材料,进行人工模拟机械直播种植,比较各供试品种的生育期、成穗率、产量构成、干物质积累动态、SPAD值及抗倒伏能力。【结果】聚类分析表明,高产类型的水稻品种有永3优华占、甬优1538、盛泰优9712和岳优27,低产类型有玉针香、隆晶优8129、玉晶91、原香优361、美香占2号和五山丝苗,其余为中产类型。此外,高产品种比中、低产品种平均增产了13.33%和44.32%。同低、中产品种相比,高产品种有效穗数和成穗率显著增加,且每穗粒数、结实率、总颖花量、千粒重和日产量均显著提高;抽穗期和成熟期的干物质积累均最多,茎鞘和叶片的表观输出量、物质输出率和表观转换率均显著增加;高产品种叶片SPAD值在各时期都高于中产和低产品种;高产品种株高较低,重心高度低,节间茎壁较厚,各节间倒伏指数降低,抗倒伏能力强。在直播条件下,高产品种具有生育期适宜、成穗率高、穗大、总颖花量大、结实率和日产量高、各生育期SPAD值高、抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量大、茎鞘和叶片物质输出及转化率高、抗倒伏能力较强等特性。【结论】水稻品种永3优华占、甬优1538、盛泰优9712和岳优27作晚稻直播栽培产量较高,抗倒伏能力较强,适宜在江西作为双季直播晚稻品种栽培。
【Objective】In order to screen high-yield and stable-yielding late rice varieties suitable for direct seeding in the double-season rice area in Jiangxi, and provide theoretical basis for the breeding of such varieties and cultivation.【Method】 In this study, 24 late rice varieties(combinations) suitable for planting at north of Jiangxi were used as experimental materials, carry out artificial simulation mechanical live planting. Comparative analysis of the growth period, ear formation rate, yield composition, dry matter accumulation dynamics, SPAD value and lodging resistance of the tested varieties.【Result】The results showed that through cluster analysis, the high-yield rice varieties were Yong3 youhuazhan, Yongyou 1538, Shengtaiyou 9712 and Yueyou 27, and the low-yield types were Yuzhenxiang, Longjingyou 8129, Yujing 91, Yuanxiang You 361, Meixiangzhan No. 2 and Wushan silk seedlings, the rest are middle-class types. In addition, high-yield varieties have an average increase of 13.33 % and 44.32 % compared with middle-and low-yield varieties. Compared with the low and medium product varieties, the effective ear number and ear formation rate of the high product variety increased significantly, and the number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, total spikelet amount, thousand-grain weight and daily yield were significantly increased. The dry matter accumulation at heading stage and mature stage was the most, and the apparent output, material output rate and apparent conversion rate of stem sheath and leaves increased significantly. The leaf SPAD value of the high-yield varieties was higher than that of the middle-and low-yield varieties in all periods;the high-yield plants had lower plant heights, a lower center of gravity, thicker internode stem walls, and a lower lodging resistance index for each node, and strong lodging resistance. This study shows that under direct seeding conditions, high-yielding product varieties have suitable growth periods, high ear formation rate, large ears, large total spikelet volume, high seed setting rate and daily yield, high SPAD value in each growth period, heading to maturity It has the characteristics of large dry matter accumulation, high material output and conversion rate of stem and sheath and leaves, and strong lodging resistance.【Conclusion】Yong3 youhuaahan, Yongyou 1538, Sheng taiyou9712 and Yueyou 27 are suitable for cultivation in Jiangxi as double-season direct-seeding late rice varieties.
作者
何汛锋
李祖军
田雪飞
李辰彦
曾研华
曾勇军
吴自明
李辉婕
HE Xun-feng;LI Zu-jun;TIAN Xue-fei;LI Chen-yan;ZENG Yan-hua;ZENG Yong-jun;WU Zi-ming;LI Hui-jie(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology T E-cology and Genetic Breeding,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Jiangxi Nanchang 330045,China;School of Humanities and Public Administration,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Jiangxi Nanchang 330045,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期2745-2754,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金(7196302、317603500)
江西省重点研发计划项目(20171ACF60018)
江西省自然科学基金(20181BAA208055、20202BABL205020)
江西省教育厅科技计划项目(GJJ180212)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFND0301605,2018YFD0301102)。
关键词
晚稻
直播
品种筛选
抗倒伏能力
产量
Late rice
Direct seeding
Variety selection
Lodging resistance
Yield
