摘要
连续采煤机短壁机械化开采技术在提高煤炭资源采出率、促进我国煤炭工业高质量发展等方面发挥着重要作用。改革开放以来,我国连续采煤机短壁机械化开采技术实现了“由弱到强”的发展历程,依靠相关技术与装备科技的创新,支撑着煤炭资源采出率持续提升。首先从煤柱及不规则块段开采、“三下”压煤开采、露天边帮压煤回收、中小煤矿采煤机械化升级改造和延长矿井服务年限等方面,全面系统阐述了我国煤炭工业对短壁开采的技术需求,并系统回顾和总结了连续采煤机短壁机械化开采的工艺、理论及装备的发展历程。工艺方面,连续采煤机短壁采煤法从房柱式发展到旺格维利式,再到以块段式采煤为代表的现代房柱式采煤法,形成了具有中国特色的短壁机械化开采技术体系。从回采方式、通风方式和顶板管理等方面总结了3种工艺的特点,并指出块段式采煤是短壁开采的高级阶段。理论方面,从短壁开采的煤柱稳定性、地表沉陷控制、顶板控制等方面总结了短壁开采理论的研究进展。装备方面,研制了连续采煤机、锚杆钻车、梭车、连续运输系统、给料破碎机、履带行走式液压支架、铲车、柔性连续运输系统等系列化、成套化的短壁机械化开采装备,促进了煤矿短壁装备的国产化进程及其技术进步,形成了适应我国不同煤层赋存地质条件和开采条件、具备自主知识产权的短壁开采装备体系,最后,分析了连续采煤机短壁机械化开采技术发展过程中的问题,围绕煤矿智能化建设主题,提出了短壁开采技术的发展方向及建议。
The mechanized short-wall mining technology with continuous miner plays an important role in improving the recovery rate of coal and promoting the high-quality development of coal industry.Since China’s reform and opening up to the outside world,the mechanized short-wall mining technology has achieved a historical achievement from“nothing to existence”to“from weak to strong”.Relying on the relevant technology and equipment technological innovation of continuous miner,the resources recovery rate is supported.First of all,from the coal pillar and irregular block mining,the coal mining under buildings,railways and water-bodies,exposed side coal recovery,small and medium-sized coal mining mechanization upgrading and extension of mine service life,etc.,the demand of short-wall mining in China’s coal industry is comprehensively and systematically explained,and the development progress on short-wall mining technology,theory and equipment is reviewed.In terms of technology,the short-wall mining has developed from room and pillar mining to Wongawilli mining,and then to modern room and pillar mining method represented by block mining.Eventually,the mechanized short-wall mining technology system with Chinese characteristics is formed.The characteristics of the three technologies from the aspects of mining mode,ventilation mode and roof management are summarized respectively,and it is concluded that the block mining is the advanced stage of short-wall mining.In the aspect of theory,the research progress of short-wall mining theory is summarized from coal pillar stability,surface subsidence control and roof control.In terms of equipment,the complete sets of short-wall mining equipment are developed,such as continuous miner,bolter,shuttle car,continuous conveyor system,feeding crusher,mobile roof support with crawler frame,forklift,flexible continuous conveyor system,etc.,which promotes the nationalization process and technical progress of short-wall equipment in coal mine as well as forms an short-wall mining equipment system with some independent intellectual property rights that adapt different geological and mining conditions of various coal seams in China,Finally,the paper analyzes the problems in the development of short-wall mining technology,and puts forward the development direction and suggestions of short-wall mining technology around the theme of intelligent construction of coal mine.
作者
张彦禄
王步康
张小峰
李发泉
ZHANG Yanlu;WANG Bukang;ZHANG Xiaofeng;LI Faquan(China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corporation,Beijing 100013,China;Taiyuan Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corporation,Taiyuan 030006,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期86-99,共14页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
山西省科技重大专项资助项目(20181102027)
山西省科技成果转化引导专项资助项目(201704D131011)。
关键词
短壁机械化
连续采煤机
房柱式开采
旺格维利采煤
不规则块段
short-wall mechanization
continuous miner
room and pillar mining
Wongawilli coal mining
irregular block
