摘要
为探明松嫩平原秸秆还田对连作春玉米氮素供应与吸收的影响,在松嫩平原中南部,采用框栽和^(15)N同位素标记的方法,设置5个秸秆还田量,分别为0(CK)、9.20、18.40、27.60和36.80 t·hm^(-2),均施入^(15)N标记的尿素350 kg·hm^(-2)(纯氮量约160 kg·hm^(-2)),开展秸秆还田试验。结果表明,秸秆还田改变了春玉米对肥料氮和土壤氮的利用比例,在一定秸秆还田量条件下,随着秸秆还田量的增加,苗期春玉米植株氮素积累中肥料氮所占比例增加,而拔节期后则呈相反趋势。通过方程拟合可知,秸秆还田量低于12.49 t·hm^(-2)时可以较CK提高当季氮肥利用率,高于12.49 t·hm^(-2)时则低于CK。秸秆还田不利于春玉米苗期和拔节期生长;秸秆还田量为11.25 t·hm^(-2)时,最有利于春玉米产量的形成,秸秆还田量高于23.96 t·hm^(-2)时则会引起减产。综上,在松嫩平原中南部,配施尿素350 kg·hm^(-2)时,最适秸秆还田量为11.25 t·hm^(-2)。本试验较系统地研究了玉米不同秸秆还田量对土壤供氮和下茬玉米氮素吸收的影响,为科学解析秸秆还田与土壤供氮关系提供了依据。
To explore effects of straw returning on the supply and absorption of nitrogen in continuous spring maize in Songnen Plain,the experiment set five straw treatments of 0 t·hm^(-2)(CK),9.20 t·hm^(-2),18.40 t·hm^(-2),27.60 t·hm^(-2)and 36.80 t·hm^(-2)in the south-central Songnen Plain.All were applied with urea^(15)N labeled 350 kg·hm^(-2).The results showed that returning straw to the field changed the utilization rate of spring maize to fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen.Under a certain amount of straw returning,as the amount of straw returning to the field increased,the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen in the nitrogen accumulation of spring maize plants increased,but the opposite trend after the jointing stage.Through equation fitting,when the amount of straw returned to the field was lower than 12.49 t·hm^(-2),the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season could be improved,and when it was higher than 12.49 t·hm^(-2),the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was lower than that of CK.Straw returning to the field was not conducive to the growth of spring maize at the seedling stage and jointing stage.When the amount of straw returned to the field was 11.25 t·hm^(-2),it was the most favorable for the formation of spring maize yield.When the amount of straw returned to the field was higher than 23.96 t·hm^(-2),it would cause a reduction in yield.From the results of this experiment,it could be speculated that the optimal amount of straw returning to the field was 11.25 t·hm^(-2)when combined with 350 kg·hm^(-2)of urea in the central and southern Songnen Plain.This experiment systematically studied the effects of different maize straw returning fields on soil nitrogen supply and nitrogen absorption of next crop maize,which provides a basis and reference for scientific analysis of the relationship between straw returning and soil nitrogen supply.
作者
高杰
于舒函
李二艳
于雷
马春梅
GAO Jie;YU Shuhan;LI Eryan;YU Lei;MA Chunmei(College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期183-191,共9页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300803)
黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA16B401)。
关键词
玉米
秸秆还田
土壤速效氮
氮肥利用率
产量
maize
straw returning
soil available nitrogen
nitrogen use efficiency
yield
