摘要
药用植物种质资源是中医药现代化发展的根基,深入研究药用植物种质资源是培育优良品种、保证中药产量和规范质量的前提条件。传统的鉴别方法从表观出发,受自然环境和人为因素影响较大,鉴定的效率和准确性普遍偏低。分子生物学技术以其易操作、高灵敏度、结果准确等优点,已被广泛用于药用植物种质资源的相关研究中,主要涉及野生与栽培品区分、中药替代品研究、中成药鉴别、优良品种标记育种、遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱建立和组学研究等多个方面。其中组学研究由于分析目的不同分为基因组学、转录组学、代谢组学、蛋白质组学。基因组学又分为结构基因组学、功能基因组学、比较基因组学3个亚领域。真核生物有细胞核和细胞器,因此组学研究还包括叶绿体基因组学、线粒体基因组学、核基因组学、质体基因组组学。其中叶绿体基因组结构简单、相对分子质量小、保守性好;而线粒体基因组变异性强且结构复杂;核基因组数据复杂、核内部不含核糖体,导致翻译过程中会有时空差异,即使多次重复地进行试验,试验的结果也具有不确定性。当前药用植物研究涉及的分子生物学技术及组学研究仍有不足的方面,存在较大的发展空间,需要进一步完善和补充。该文依次介绍了细胞学、分子标记、组学研究技术在药用种质资源鉴定中的特点和应用,为后续进行药用植物种质资源的鉴别、开发及利用提供参考依据。
Medicinal plant germplasm resources are the foundation of the modern development of traditional Chinese medicine. In-depth study of medicinal plant germplasm resources is a prerequisite for cultivating fine varieties and ensuring the output and standard quality of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Traditional identification methods start with appearance and are greatly affected by natural environment and human factors,with a low efficiency and accuracy of identification are generally low molecularin general. Due to such advantages as easy operation,high sensitivity,accurate results,molecular biology technology has been widely used in the related research of relevant studies for medicinal plant germplasm resources due to its advantages of easy operation,high sensitivity,accurate results,etc. It mainly involving the distinction between wild and cultivated products,researchstudy on substitutes of TCM,identification of Chinese patent medicine,good variety marker breeding,genetic diversity researchstudy,genetic map establishment and omics research,etcstudy. Among them,omics researchstudy is divided into genomics,transcriptomics,metabolomics,and proteomics due toby different analysis purposes. Genomics is divided into three sub-fields namely structural genomics,functional genomics,and comparative genomics. Eukaryotes Because eukaryotes have nuclei and organelles,so omics researchstudy also includes chloroplast genomics,mitochondrial genomics,nuclear genomics,and plastid genomics. Among them,the chloroplast genome has a simple structure,small molecular weight,and good conservation,while the mitochondrial genome has a strong variability and complex structure,the nuclear genome data isfeatures complex,data and the nucleus contains no ribosomes in nucleus,resulting in spatiotemporal differences in the translation process,even if repeated repeatedly test,the result of and the test is alsoresults remained uncertain, even after repeated tests. The molecular biology technology and omics researchstudy involved in theby current medicinal plant researchstudy still hashave shortcomings,and there iswith a large room for development,which needs and need further improvement and supplementation. This articlepaper successively introduces the characteristics and applications of cytology,molecular markers,and omics researchstudy techniques in the identification of medicinal germplasm resources,providingin order to provide a reference for subsequent identification,development and utilization of medicinal plant germplasm resources.
作者
张丹
王颖莉
杜晨晖
裴香萍
尚彩玲
詹海仙
ZHANG Dan;WANG Ying-li;DU Chen-hui;PEI Xiang-ping;SHANG Cai-ling;ZHAN Hai-xian(School of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering,Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Jinzhong 030619,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期214-222,共9页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221053)
山西中医药大学博士科研启动基金项目(2020BK05)
山西中医药大学科技创新团队项目(2018TD-009)。
