摘要
为了充分挖掘和提高作物抗旱性及水分利用效率,通过选用新品种是最有效且易行的技术措施,以期解决品种应用盲目和抗旱应对被动的问题。本研究在山西晋中盆地大田条件下,以生产上推广应用的11个不同基因型玉米新品种为试材,于拔节期设置3种不同水分处理,分析了其产量、抗旱性及水分利用效率的差异。结果表明:不同水分条件下,各品种产量、抗旱性排序不同,其中‘大丰30’‘、迪卡M753’的丰产性、稳产性和抗旱性综合表现最好,正常供水下,其产量分别可达13634 kg/hm^(2)和14478 kg/hm^(2),抗旱指数分别达0.999和1.029;同时在分析水分利用效率和水分生产效率后,得出在拔节期补充灌溉45 mm时,既可获得较高的水分利用效率,同时灌溉水分生产效率也最高,分别为29.77 kg/(mm·hm^(2))和30.92 kg/(mm·hm^(2))。因此,‘大丰30’和‘迪卡M753’可作为主干型品种在该区域进一步验证和应用,且在该区域运用非充分灌溉,对保护水资源和发展有机旱作农业具有重要意义。
To enhance crop drought resistance and water use efficiency, the most effective and easy technical measure is choosing new varieties, which can solve the problems of varieties used blindly and passive resistance to drought.Under the arid field of Jinzhong Basin in Shanxi Province, eleven different genotype maize varieties, which were widely applied in production, were selected as materials, three different water treatments were set up at maize jointing stage, and the differences of yield, drought resistance and water use efficiency among the test varieties were studied.The results showed that: the rank of yield and drought resistance of the varieties changed under different water treatments,‘Dafeng30’and‘DikaM753’were the best varieties that had high and stable yield and drought resistance.Under normal water supply, the yield could reach 13634 kg/hm^(2) and 14478 kg/hm^(2), respectively, and the drought resistance index could reach 0.999 and 1.029, respectively.After analyzing water use efficiency and water production efficiency, the results showed that irrigating 45 mm at jointing stage not only obtained higher water use efficiency, but also got the highest water production efficiency, which were 29.77 kg/(mm·hm^(2)) and 30.92 kg/(mm·hm^(2)), respectively.Thus,‘Dafeng30’and ‘DikaM753’can be used as main varieties in production, and the use of deficit irrigation could be significant for water resources protection and the development of organic agriculture in this region.
作者
刘化涛
黄学芳
黄明镜
张冬梅
张伟
赵聪
Liu Huatao;Huang Xuefang;Huang Mingjing;Zhang Dongmei;Zhang Wei;Zhao Cong(Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Organic Dry Farming,Taiyuan 030031)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2020年第33期12-18,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
山西省农科院重点一类项目“雨养旱作区玉米新品种适水种植技术研究与应用”(YGG1639)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项“黄土高原东部丘陵区玉米节水节肥节药综合技术方案”(201503124)
山西省重点研发计划一般项目“山西补灌区春玉米密植高产宜机收品种筛选及机械化配套栽培技术研究”(201703D221001-5)
山西省重点研发计划重点项目“山西有机旱作农业关键技术研究与示范”(201703D211002)
“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题“晋中平川区春玉米增粮增效技术集成示范与产业化”(2015BAD22B03-2)。
关键词
玉米
品种
基因型
产量
抗旱性
水分利用效率
maize
varieties
Genotypes
yield
drought resistance
water use efficiency
