摘要
目的调查分析2018年陕西省农村学校生活饮用水卫生状况,为提高农村学校生活饮用水水质卫生状况提供科学依据。方法在全省涉农区县共选取318所农村学校,根据《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)对农村学校末梢水进行检测和评价。组间率的比较采用卡方检验。结果关中和陕北地区的学校以地下水为主,供水工程以未处理为主;陕南地区以地表水为主,水处理方式以沉淀过滤为主。2018年农村学校水质合格率为54.81%,其中陕南(64.29%)和关中地区(58.59%)水质合格率高于陕北(33.53%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=41.48,P<0.01)。陕北地区微生物指标合格率普遍较低,陕北和关中地区毒理学指标合格率较低的分别为六价铬(90.59%)和氟化物(91.67%),陕北和关中地区感官性状和一般化学指标合格率较低的是硫酸盐(分别为90.00%和94.70%)。结论陕西省农村学校生活饮用水合格率较低,建议加强水源地防护,强化水质的常规处理或消毒措施,同时加强监督管理,保障学校饮水安全。
Objective To investigate the sanitary condition of drinking water in rural schools in Shaanxi Province,China,in 2018,and to provide a scientific basis for improving the sanitary condition of drinking water in rural schools.Methods A total of 318 rural schools were selected from the rural districts and counties across the province,and the terminal tap water from the schools was examinated and evaluated according to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750-2006)and the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006).The chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison of rates.Results The sources of drinking water for schools in Central and Northern Shaanxi were mainly groundwater,with untreated water as the main product of water supply projects;the sources of drinking water for schools in Southern Shaanxi were mainly surface water,with sedimentation and filtration as the main method of water treatment.The qualified rate of water quality in rural schools was 54.81%in 2018.The qualified rates of water quality were significantly higher in Southern and Central Shaanxi than in Northern Shaanxi(64.29%/58.59%vs 33.53%,χ^(2)=41.48,P<0.01).The microbial indices for Northern Shaanxi were generally lower,and the toxicological indices with a relatively low qualified rate for Northern and Central Shaanxi were hexavalent chromium(90.59%)and fluoride(91.67%),respectively.Among the sensory indicaters and general chemical indices,the index with a relatively low qualified rate was sulfate for the above two areas(90.00%and 94.70%,respectively).Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water quality in rural schools in Shaanxi Province is relatively low.It is recommended to enhance the protection of water supply sources and reinforce routine water quality-related treatment or disinfection measures;meanwhile,monitoring and management should be enhanced to ensure the safety of drinking water for schools.
作者
贾茹
丁勇
常锋
JIA Ru;DING Yong;CHANG Feng
出处
《环境卫生学杂志》
2020年第6期569-573,共5页
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
基金
陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12)。
关键词
农村
学校
生活饮用水
监测结果
rural area
school
drinking water
monitoring results
