摘要
疫苗是一种用于有效预防或治疗多种疾病的生物制品,是遏制新型传染病传播的关键手段.与传统疫苗相比,基于纳米材料与技术制成的纳米疫苗,具有抗原装载效率高、靶向性好、毒性低、稳定性高、给药方式多样等显著优势.近10年来,纳米疫苗的研究与日俱增,具有应用潜力的纳米疫苗与材料不断涌现.根据纳米疫苗所添加抗原及其预防疾病的不同可将其分为抗病毒纳米疫苗、抗肿瘤纳米疫苗、抗菌纳米疫苗及其他纳米疫苗.近年来,越来越多的纳米材料被报道能应用于纳米疫苗的制备,包括有机聚合物纳米材料、脂质纳米材料、天然来源的纳米材料、无机纳米材料等.其中,部分纳米材料表现出优异的功能,不仅能用做抗原的运输载体,同时其自身还具有免疫原性和免疫器官的靶向性.本文综述了国内外纳米疫苗研究现状,并重点分析了纳米疫苗不同的设计方案及其效果;总结了多种常用的疫苗用纳米材料及其特点与应用;最后,本文探讨了目前纳米疫苗研发和应用的优势与面临的挑战,对纳米疫苗未来的发展趋势进行了展望.本文将为包括新型冠状病毒在内的各种新型传染病的疫苗防治提供参考,有助于加快新型疫苗研制的进程.
Vaccines are important biological treatment strategies for effectively preventing or curing a variety of diseases,and are key means to curb the spread of new diseases such as the new coronavirus pneumonia.Compared with conventional vaccines,nano materials-based vaccines have obvious advantages such as high antigen loading and targeting efficiency,low toxicity,and diverse administration methods.In the past decade,research on nanovaccines has received increasing attention,especially more and more nanovaccines with potential applications are emerging.Nano vaccines can be classified into anti-viral nano vaccines,anti-tumor nano vaccines,antibacterial nano vaccines and so on.Recently,more and more nanomaterials have been reported to be applicable in preparation of nano vaccines,including organic polymer nanomaterials,lipid nanomaterials,natural nanomaterials,inorganic nanomaterials,etc.Some of these nanomaterials exhibit excellent functions,not only as a carrier for antigens,but also as immune adjuvants.In this review,we have summarized the research status of nano vaccines,focusing on analyzing different design schemes and effects of nano vaccines.In addition,we summarized the characteristics of commonly used nano materials for vaccines is summarized and perspective for the development of novel nano vaccines is prospected.This article will provide a basis for using nano vaccines to prevent or treat various new infectious diseases,including new coronaviruses,and help accelerate the discovery of new vaccines.
作者
丁訸
黄斌
李艳
温龙平
顾宁
DING He;HUANG Bin;LI Yan;WEN LongPing;GU Ning(State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices,School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;College of Life Sciences and Chemistry,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecule,Jiangsu Second Normal University,Nanjing 211222,China;Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province,Institutes for Life Science,School of Medicine,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)
出处
《中国科学：生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期40-55,共16页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
国家重大研发计划(批准号:2017YFA0104302)
国家自然科学基金(批准号:51832001,61821002)资助。
关键词
新型传染病
疫苗
纳米材料
纳米疫苗
new infectious diseases
vaccines
nanomaterials
nanovaccines
