摘要
当代城市设计在历史上曾被认为是一种"幼稚"的城市干预手段,因为其崇尚简单的几何布局,缺乏对于复杂社会经济机制准确的、充分的认识,甚至被认为曾在第二次世界大战后导致了许多社会问题。这使得学界对于城市设计是否能够作为改良社会经济表现的有效手段的争论一直持续到今天。当前不断涌现的城市数据正在为更加精准地认识城市设计及其与社会经济效应之间的互动关系提供新契机,如何在新的数据环境下提高城市设计的精准性正在成为未来城市设计新范式中至关重要的一环。文章认为,城市设计的精准性的提升与城市形态理论改进及不确定性量化息息相关。在经典空间形态量化模型——空间句法的基础上,文章强调多源数据显影的城市功能布局本身作为一种城市形态进行定量分析的必要性与可能性,构建了一种城市空间与功能互作的城市形态定量分析框架来认识空间社会化过程中的组构逻辑,进而精确地估计城市几何形态的社会经济效应,指导并推进面向城市社会经济高质量发展的城市设计。文章基于实例提出可能限制城市形态社会效应精准估计的各类不确定性及其量化要点,包括趋势、空间、时间、分析单元、设计成本、多目标平衡等方面,并据此总结精准城市设计的特征与实践路径。
Modern urban design was once criticized for its naive assumptions of the interrelationship between urban form and social performance.The simple geometries in those plans arguably are the main factors that have led to many social issues after World War II,rather than resolving them.The debate on whether urban design is a social instrument is still a core research topic.Now,the emerging urban big data is tremendously enabling the precise understanding of the interconnection between urban form and various aspects of urban performance.The shifting future urban design paradigm is,therefore,largely relying on the ways of empowering urban design with new refined theory,analytical methodologies,and data.Based on the spatial syntax model-a classic,widely-used method to quantify urban form,this research introduces a refined framework for synergizing form and function in configuration studies.It enables a better interpretation of the configurational logic within the socialization of urban space,advanced estimation of the social consequence that the change of urban form can bring,and improved quality of life that is facilitated by the built environment.This work demonstrates the possibility and necessity of incorporating the increasingly available data and analytics beyond the conventional model of spatial syntax,delivering the specified approaches to improve the precision of urban design for social remedies as a reflection on the uncertainties in theoretical formation,trend estimation,spatial non-stationarity,temporal non-stationarity,unite definition,design cost,multi-purpose mediation.It ends with a discussion on relevant applications.
作者
沈尧
卓健
吴志强
SHEN Yao;ZHUO Jian;WU Zhiqiang(不详)
出处
《时代建筑》
2021年第1期26-33,共8页
Time + Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51908413)。
关键词
空间句法
城市组构
大数据
社会经济
城市设计
Spatial Syntax
Urban Configuration
Big Data
Social Instrument
Urban Design
