摘要
为减少民用直升机维修人员的违章行为与差错,降低人为因素为致因的事故频率,对造成维修人员违章的因素进行了分析。主要采取实证调研的方法收集维修人员的违章案例,加以分析并结合法规条例、文献综述、经验总结,得出原始因子(二级指标)。再依据人机工程学理论,编写调查问卷,对编号数据进行探索性因子分析,得出影响民用直升机维修人员违章行为的一级指标,总结成了5类要素,分别为法规体制、工作疲劳、人员素质、安全文化及安全监管因素。最后,基于通过主因子权重的计算,建立了基本结构模型的违章评价体系。计算结果表明,安全监管因素对民用直升机维修人员违章行为的影响程度最大,工作负荷因素对其影响程度最小。
The present paper is aimed to introduce a method known as the exploratory factor analysis(EFA),which can help to reduce the violation probability of the civil helicopter maintenance and to lower the frequency of accidents by reducing their error-making liability.Large amounts of comprehensive analysis of documents concenred help to find the likely factors to lead to maintenance routine violations.As we know,EFA is a kind of professional or occupational technical means to check and find the essential structure of the multivariate observation variables and procedure to reduce likely accidents dimensionally.This paper can then transform the undefined and vague potential impact into a subjective manifestation of the questionnaire form useful for quantitative analysis.And,then,the factors used for EFA used to be coming from the folowing 4 categories,such as the statistical net checking and inspection,the related regularity,the literature review and summary of the routine study experiences.And,as a result of helicopter accident case collection and accumulation,we have managed to sum up the preliminary elements of violation among the maintenance workers.In so doing,it would be possible for us to generalize such initial factors(or the secondary indicators).And,afterwards,combining the principle of ergonomics and psychological indicators,a questionnaire can be prepared which can demonstrate the plump results with less errors.The subjects concerned can be derived as a result of summarizing the secondary indicators.Therefore,finally,the 1-level indicators affecting the violation behaviors of the civilian-purpose helicopter maintenance workmen have been chosen to describe their own experiences into 5 categories:that is,the legal system,the work fatigue,their personnel qualifications,the safety maintainence culture and safety supervision parameters.In the layingout process of the questionnaire,some subjective indicators can be taken to substitute for the objective indicators.Thus,on the one hand,different individuals may have different affordability,on the other hand,the paper can be oriented to search and detect which is the authentic motivation or motivations rather than the favorable standard.Thus,ultimately speaking,through the calculation of the main paragmatic motivated weights for the violation evaluation system on the basis of the structural model,the key safety supervision factors should have made the greatest impact on the violation behavior of the civil helicopter maintenance workmen,whereas the workload motivation can just have least impact on the violation deeds.
作者
史永胜
董晨
SHI Yong-sheng;DONG Chen(School of Aeronautical Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期2254-2260,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
