摘要
必要设施原则是拒绝交易行为违法性认定的重要制度,是为确保市场的开放性和竞争的有效性而对经营者施加的一项强制性义务,其在适用上存在一定的限度和局限性。目前美国和欧盟的反垄断主管机关对数据作为必要设施都持谨慎态度。认定数据是否构成必要设施在界定数据相关市场、认定数据市场支配地位以及实现数据开放等方面均存在现实困境。《关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南》(征求意见稿)对数据是否作为必要设施有专款规定,但该款设计存在缺陷,且存在潜在负面效果。我国当前并不适宜直接明确将数据作为反垄断法中的必要设施,应在个案具体分析的基础上审慎考虑必要设施原则的适用。正式颁布的指南将该专款删除,同时将数据整合在认定平台是否构成必要设施中加以综合考虑,一定程度上消除了可能会产生的争议。实际上,数据垄断除反垄断法的规制和调整外还可以考虑其他规制手段,需要形成多元且体系化的竞争治理和经济运行机制。
The essential facility doctrine is an important law system for determining illegitimacy of refusal to deal,and it is also a compulsory obligation imposed on underlying to ensure the openness of the market and the effectiveness of competition.However,certain limitations and restrictions still exist while the essential facility doctrine is being applied,both antitrust authorities of the United States and the European Union are now wary of determining data as an essential facility under the antitrust law.There are some difficulties in defining the relevant data market,determining the dominant position of the data market,and securing access to the data.The Guidance in Applying Antitrust Law to Platform Economy-(Draft for comments)has specific provisions on whether data should be regarded as necessary facilities.However,the design of this section has some defects and potential negative effects.At present,it's not appropriate for China to directly specify data as an essential facility under the antitrust law,the application of the essential facility doctrine should be carefully considered on the basis of case-by-case analysis.The officially issued guidances delete the special fund and integrate the data into the determination of whether the platform constitutes a necessary facility,which eliminated the possible disputes to a certain extent.In fact,in addition to the regulation and adjustment of antitrust law,data monopoly can also be settled by other regulatory means.In other words,forming a diversified and systematic mechanism of competition governance and economic operation is needed.
作者
王健
吴宗泽
WANG Jian;WU Zongze
出处
《法治研究》
CSSCI
2021年第2期102-114,共13页
Research on Rule of Law
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“反垄断法制裁的现代化研究”(项目编号:18AFX019)阶段性成果。