摘要
糜子主要种植在我国山西、陕西、河北干旱少雨地区,在我国农业供给侧结构性改革、精准扶贫攻坚战中发挥着重要作用。基于此,2019年11月对陕西府谷、山西大同、河北蔚县3个主产区10个村庄进行实地调研,对糜子生产现状、投入产出、销售渠道、种植风险等进行深入分析。结果表明:(1)研究区域糜子种植仍然以小农户为主,耕地呈细碎化特点,从事生产的劳动力文化程度较低、老龄化严重,后备力量不足;兼业程度较低,糜子收入在家庭收入中占比较小。糜子的规模化与市场化效应尚未显现。(2)糜子生产机械化程度较低,种植的种子主要来源于自留种,种植糜子主要是满足自家消费需求,商品化率较低。(3)糜子多种植在土地贫瘠的丘陵地区,自然条件恶劣,60.39%的受访者认为自然灾害是造成种植风险的主要因素。今后应注重产业劳动力升级改造、新品种培育以及自然灾害监测与防控方面的研究,以促进糜子产业的高质量、绿色发展。
Proso millet is mainly planted in the arid and rainless areas of Shanxi,Shaanxi and Hebei in China.It plays an important role in China’s agricultural supply-side structural reform and targeted poverty alleviation.Based on this,10 villages in Fugu of Shaanxi,Datong of Shanxi,Yuxian of Hebei were investigated in November 2019,and the production status,input and output,sales channels and planting risk were deeply analyzed.The results showed that(1)proso millet planting in the study areas was still dominated by small farmers,the cultivated land was fragmentary,the education level of labor force was low,the aging population became serious,and the reserve force was insufficient.The degree of part-time employment was relatively low,and the proportion of income of proso millet to the family income was relatively small.The scale and marketization effects of proso millet had not yet shown.(2)The mechanization degree of proso millet production was low.The seeds mainly came from self-reserving.The cultivation of proso millet was mainly to meet their needs,with a low commercialization rate.(3)Proso millet was mostly planted in hilly areas with poor land and poor natural conditions.60.39%of the respondents believe that natural disasters were the main factor causing planting risks.Therefore,the upgrading and transformation of industrial labor force,the cultivation of new varieties,as well as the monitoring,prevention and control of natural disasters should be paid attention to,in order to promote the high-quality and green development of proso millet industry.
作者
吴园园
李敏
李娜
王晓夕
张新仕
王桂荣
WU Yuan-yuan;LI Min;LI Na;WANG Xiao-xi;ZHANG Xin-shi;WANG Gui-rong(Hengshui College,Hengshui 053000,China;Institute of Agricultural Information and Economy,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station Shijiazhuang 050000,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2020年第6期1-4,共4页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系“国家谷子糜子产业技术体系”建设专项(CARS-07-13.5-A18)。
关键词
糜子
糜子主产区
投入产出比
对策建议
Proso millet
Main producing area of proso millet
Input-output ratio
Countermeasures and suggestions
