摘要
冰雹灾害是渝东南地区威胁最大的气象灾害之一,掌握渝东南地区冰雹时空分布及天气特征是人工防雹业务的迫切需要,对避免和减轻其灾害具有重要意义,对防灾减灾也有积极作用。本文利用《中国气象灾害大典:重庆卷》中1960—2011年渝东南地区造成灾害的冰雹资料以及2000—2011年的MICAPS资料,对渝东南地区降雹时空分布特征、降雹过程的天气特征进行统计对比分析,结果表明:2000—2011年期间渝东南地区的降雹频次较前40年明显增加,成为重庆市平均降雹发生频率次高的地区,且高频中心位于黔江区。Mann-Kendall分析结果显示1960—2011年前后渝东南地区冰雹日数发生了两次明显的突变。小波分析结果显示渝东南地区的降雹日数在60~80年代初期有8 a左右的年际变化周期,80年代中期以后则是14 a左右的年际变化周期较为显著,降雹过程发生的偏多时期出现在1990年和2004年前后。从月际变化来看,4月和5月是该地区降雹日数出现最多的两个月份,7月和8月为次多的月份。春季冰雹主要由系统性的上升运动触发,夏季冰雹则主要由局地热力抬升运动造成。上述结论对促进渝东南地区掌握降雹规律、科学防雹、减轻灾害具有重要的理论及现实意义。
Hail disaster is one of the most threatening meteorological disasters in southeast Chongqing,China.It is an urgent need to interpret the spatial and temporal distribution of hail disasters as well as the associated weather process for the purpose of hail prevention in southeast Chongqing,which is of great significance to avoid and reduce its disasters and plays a positive role in disaster prevention and mitigation.In this study,it performed statistically examination on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of hailfalls with the associated meteorological features of hailfall process in southeastern Chongqing by using the hailfall records of 1960—2011 and MICAP data of 2000-2011,which were extracted from China meteorologicd disaster:Chongqing volume and Natural Disaster Report from 1960 to 2011.The results showed that the frequency of hailfall in southeastern Chongqing increased significantly from 2000 to 2011 as compared with the previous 40 years,making it the place of the second highest average hailfall frequency in Chongqing,and its center of high frequency was located in Qianjiang District of Chongqing.By Mann-Kendall analysis,it found that there were two obvious abrupt changes in the number of hail days in southeastern Chongqing from 1960 to 2011.And by wavelet analysis,it found that the number of hail days in southeastern Chongqing had an interannual variation cycle of about 8 years in the early 1960 s to 1980 s,and an interdecadal variation cycle of about 14 years after the mid-1980 s was more remarkable.It occurred more hail events around 1990 and 2004.In terms of inter-monthly changes,April-May were the two months with the largest number of hail days in the region,and July-August is the second most.Spring hail was mainly triggered by systematic ascending movement of water vapor condition,while summer hail was mainly caused by local thermal uplifting.The above conclusions have very important theoretical and practical significance to promote the understanding of hailfall regulation,scientific hail prevention and disaster reduction in southeast Chongqing.
作者
张甜
廖晓荔
马君
杜爱军
ZHANG Tian;LIAO Xiaoli;MA Jun;DU Aijun(Ba'nan Meteorological Bureau, Chongqing 401320,China;Chongqing Artificial Weather Modification Office, Chongqing 401147,China)
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期38-46,共9页
Mountain Research
基金
重庆市气象局2018年智慧气象技术创新团队项目(ZHCXTD-201822)。
关键词
渝东南地区
突变及周期
小波分析
天气特征
Southeastern Chongqing
abrupt and periodic variation
wavelet analysis
weather characteristics
