摘要
为探究公路平面线形对交通鸟类致死时空分布特征的影响,为将来长白山自然保护区公路建设减少鸟类交通致死提供理论依据,于2007-2019年不同季节采用步行、骑自行车和驾车的方式沿长白山自然保护区周边3条公路共进行了345次调查,调查里程累计4000km。采用卡方检验,重点分析直线路段与曲线路段鸟类交通致死在不同季节、不同路基宽度分布的差异。研究结果显示:(1)13年连续跟踪监测记录到致死鸟类至少50种798只个体,主要致死种类为灰头鹀Emberiza spodocephala(33.58%)、黄喉鹀Emberiza elegans(12.28%)、灰背鸫Turdus hortulorum(8.27%)、白眉鹀Emberiza tristrami(7.52%)、普通䴓Sitta europaea(6.02%)、花尾榛鸡Tetrastes bonasia(4.01%)和沼泽山雀Parus palustris(3.88%),以上7种占总致死数量的75.56%,地栖性和灌木生活性鸟类致死率相对其他种类高;(2)曲线路段致死种类为38种,致死数量占总致死数量的63.2%,直线路段致死种类为35种,致死数量占总致死数量的36.8%;(3)曲线路段和直线路段均为夏季时动物致死数量最高,其致死数量分别占全年的30.9%和19.5%,所有季节曲线路段的致死数量均较直线路段高;(4)5m宽林间公路的曲线路段和直线路段上致死数量和致死率无显著差异,但10m宽公路的曲线路段致死数量和致死率显著高于直线路段。总体来看,长白山自然保护区公路的曲线路段鸟类致死数量和致死率都高于曲线路段。基于以上结果,提出了降低鸟类致死率的3点对策:(1)在鸟类分布密集或栖息地质量较高的区域,公路平面线形应以直线和大半径曲线为主;(2)在公路交通鸟类致死集中路段和夏季及鸟类繁殖期,采取严格限速60km/h、控制交通量、加强环境教育等措施;(3)未来公路规划时考虑曲线路段两侧植被尽量远离公路。
To explore the impact of horizontal alignment of highway on temporal and spatial characters of birds′roadkill,from 2007 to 2019,we carried out 345 times field investigation and total length reached 4000km along 3 highways within and around Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve in different seasons by the ways of walking,biking and driving.We focused on the difference of birds′roadkill between straight line and curve section among different seasons and highways with different width.The results indicated that:(1)at least 798 birds belonging to 50 species were recorded as roadkill,most roadkill species were Emberiza spodocephala(33.58%),Emberiza elegans(12.28%),Turdus hortulorum(8.27%),Emberiza tristrami(7.52%),Sitta europaea(6.02%),Tetrastes bonasia(4.01%)and Parus palustris(3.88%),which occupied 75.56%of total,and shrub birds and ground birds were prone to roadkill;(2)at straight line sections,species richness of roadkill was 38,and abundance occupied 63.2%of total,while at curve sections,species richness of roadkill was 35 and abundance occupied 36.8%;(3)roadkill at both curve and straight line sections were highest in summer,which reached 30.9%and 19.5%respectively,and roadkill at curve sections was more than that at line sections in all seasons;(4)birds′roadkill at curve and straight line sections were similar on forest highway with 4m width,while the roadkill at curve sections was significantly higher than that at straight line sections on highway with 10m width.Totally,the roadkill at curve sections was significantly higher than line sections on highway in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve.Correspondingly,the article proposes three countermeasures to alleviate the death of birds on highway:(1)in areas with dense bird distribution or high habitat quality,the horizontal alignment of highway should be mainly straight sections and large radius curves;(2)at highway sections where birds′roadkill is concentrated,and in summer or bird breeding periods,strict speed limit of 60km/h,traffic volume control and environmental education should be adopted;(3)future highway planning should consider the roadside vegetation of the curve section to be away from the highway a certain distance.
作者
李卓
陈庆红
王云
王卓聪
史国强
关磊
周红萍
朴正吉
孔亚平
LI Zhuo;CHEN Qing-hong;WANG Yun;WANG Zhuo-cong;SHI Guo-qiang;GUAN Lei;ZHOU Hong-ping;PIAO Zheng-ji;KONG Ya-ping(Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences,Antu 133613,China;China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《交通运输研究》
2021年第2期108-114,共7页
Transport Research
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20180615
20200609)
深圳市一个地球自然基金会项目(1.1.03.01
1.3c.01.02)。
关键词
公路交通致死
野生动物
平面线形
长白山自然保护区
道路生态学
roadkill on highway
wildlife
horizontal alignment
Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve
road ecology
