摘要
目的应用《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的定性评估法、半定量评估法、定量评估法,对铅酸蓄电池企业进行职业危害风险评估,为优化其在企业的应用提供理论依据。方法选择有代表性的2家中型铅酸蓄电池企业作为研究对象,采取职业卫生现场调查方法,对关键岗位进行职业健康风险评估。结果定性风险评估法显示,接触苯的岗位均为高风险,接触铅烟、铅尘岗位均为中等风险;半定量接触比值评估法显示,涂板、刷片、分片岗位接触铅尘为极高风险,铸板、铸片岗位接触铅烟和配酸、充电岗位接触硫酸为高风险;半定量接触指数和综合指数评估法显示,接触铅烟、铅尘、硫酸岗位多为中等或低风险;定量非致癌方评估法显示,调胶岗位接触二甲苯、自动点胶机岗位接触二甲苯为不可接受风险;定量致癌评估法显示,包装岗位接触三氯甲烷为不可接受风险。非参数检验统计学结果显示,定性评估方法与3种半定量评估方法一致性较差(P值均<0.01),半定量3种评估方法一致性较好(P值均>0.05)。结论当可以获取铅酸蓄电池企业职业危害因素现场结果和危害控制措施时,可优先采用半定量综合指数法进行评估。
Objective To evaluate the occupational hazard risk of lead-acid battery enterprises by qualitative evaluation,semi quantitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation methods in the Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Hazardous Chemical Factors in Workplace;to provide theoretical basis for better application of optimization guidelines in lead-acid battery industry.Methods Two representative lead-acid battery enterprises were selected as the research object.The occupational health risk assessment and comparative analysis of key positions were carried out by occupational health hygiene survey method.Results The qualitative risk assessment method showed that the positions exposed to benzene were of high risk,and the positions exposed to lead smoke and lead dust were of medium risk.The semi-quantitative exposure ratio method showed that the coating,brushing,and filming positions exposed to lead dust were of extremely high risks;the plates and slabs casting positions exposed to lead fumes and acid,charging and other contact with sulfuric acid positions were of high risk.The semi-quantitative exposure index method and comprehensive index method showed most positions exposed to lead smoke,lead dust,sulfuric acid were of medium or low risk.The quantitative non-carcinogenic methods showed that mixing post and automatic dispenser post exposed to xylene were of unacceptable risk.The quantitative carcinogenic methods showed that exposure to chloroform at packaging posts were of unacceptable risk.The statistical results of non-parametric test showed that the qualitative evaluation method was inconsistent with the 3 semi-quantitative evaluation methods(all P<0.01),which demonstrated better consistency(all P>0.05).Conclusion When the field results of occupational hazard factors and hazard control measures of lead-acid battery enterprises can be obtained,the semi-quantitative comprehensive index method is preferred for evaluation.
作者
于政民
张翠翠
刘啸文
张恒东
YU Zheng-min;ZHANG Cui-cui;LIU Xiao-wen;ZHANG Heng-dong(Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu Nanjing 210009,China)
出处
《江苏预防医学》
CAS
2021年第2期167-172,共6页
Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20181488)。
关键词
铅酸蓄电池企业
风险评估
职业危害
Lead-acid battery enterprises
Risk assessment
Occupational hazards
