摘要
秸秆还田是近年来农田土壤增肥保墒、发展绿色农业的重要措施,而作为综合反映土壤肥力、环境质量状况的土壤微生物,能够准确响应土壤质量变化。因此,本研究采用长期定位试验的方法,研究了不同时间秸秆还田对土壤微生物生物量、土壤微生物数量以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:(1)秸秆还田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量显著高于秸秆不还田土壤,在整个生育期内,微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量均呈现SR18>SR15>SR12>SR0,随着还田年限的增加,生育期内的变异幅度逐渐降低,表明随着还田年限的增加,微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的循环就越稳定;(2)在长期秸秆全量还田处理下,能够显著地增加0~30 cm耕层土壤的细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量,细菌、放线菌数量,表现为随着还田时间的增加而增加,而真菌数量在早期秸秆还田能够迅速增加,当达到一定的还田时间后,真菌的数量增幅减小,逐渐趋于稳定;(3)在不同秸秆还田时间处理下,作物产量及相关性状表现为SR18>SR15>SR12>SR0,但随着还田时间的增加作物产量及相关性状的增幅明显减小。因此,长期秸秆还田有利于增加土壤微生物生物量和微生物丰度,从而改良土壤理化性质,增加作物产量,以期为合理利用秸秆资源、发展绿色农业提供理论依据。
Straw returning to farmland is an important measure to increase soil fertility, preserve soil moisture and develop green agriculture in recent years, as a comprehensive reflection of soil fertility and environmental quality, number of soil microorganisms can respond to changes in soil quality accurately. Therefore, this study used the method of long-term location test to study the effect of straw returning to the soil at different time on soil microbial biomass, soil microbial and crop yield. The results showed that:(1) The soil microbial biomass of straw returning to field was significantly higher than that of straw not returning to field, during the whole growth period,the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of microbial biomass all present SR18>SR15>SR12>SR0, with the years of returning to field increased, the variation amplitude during the growth period gradually decreased, the results showed that the cycle of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in microbial biomass was more stable with the increase of returning years.(2) Under the treatment of long-term straw full volume returning to field, the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the 0~30 cm cultivated layer soil could be significantly increased. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased as the time of returning to the field increased. However, the number of fungi can increase rapidly in the early stage when the straw is returned to the field. After reaching a certain returning time, the growth rate of fungi decreased and gradually stabilized.(3) Under the treatment of different straw returning time, the crop yield and related characters showed as SR18>SR15>SR12>SR0. However, with the increase of returning time, the increase of crop yield and related traits decreased significantly. Therefore, long-term straw returning to field is beneficial to increase soil microbial biomass and microbial abundance, so as to improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase crop yield. And it is expected to provide theoretical basis for rational utilization of straw resources and development of green agriculture.
作者
庄泽龙
慕平
彭云玲
金兵兵
陈奋奇
丁永福
Zhuang Zelong;Mu Ping;Peng Yunling;Jin Bingbing;Chen Fenqi;Ding Yongfu(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,730070)
出处
《分子植物育种》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第7期2427-2436,共10页
Molecular Plant Breeding
基金
甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金(GAU-QNDS-201503)
甘肃省科技厅支撑项目(1506RJZA012)
甘肃省玉米产业技术体系(GARS-02-04)
甘肃省重点研发计划(18YF1NA071)
甘肃省重大科技专项(17ZD2NA016)共同资助。
关键词
玉米
秸秆还田
土壤微生物
产量
Maize
Straw returning
Soil microorganisms
Yield
