摘要
食品药品安全属于典型的社会性管制领域,检察公益诉讼作为行政执法的补充手段,可弥补现有行政机制存在的不足,发挥社会共治作用。对2015年7月-2019年10月期间食药安全类公益诉讼案件进行定量分析发现:办案数量逐年增加;诉前程序案件数量大幅增加,但与诉讼程序案件比例不对称;刑事附带民事公益诉讼的比例最高,民事公益诉讼次之;民事、行政公益诉讼案件的线索来源不同,行政公益诉讼案件线索明显不足。从定性方面看,食药安全违法行为主体以“三小”为主,行政机关虽以客观归责原则追究责任,因行政执法力量不足常常存在执法空白。检察公益诉讼办案的空间多从行政执法空白处入手,以主观归责为原则,查处的违法后果包括扰乱市场秩序和危害食药安全两种类型,而行政机关违法表现为不履职或者不充分履职。未来应在区分食药安全监管行为与食药市场监管行为、加强食药安全类检察公益诉讼与刑事检察衔接的基础上,正确认识行政公益诉讼的局限性、加强行政机关与检察机关之间的合作交流、灵活运用公益诉讼检察建议和社会治理类检察建议、两法衔接机制升级等方面,完善食药安全类行政公益诉讼机制。
Food and drug safety belongs to a typical field of social regulation.As a supplementary means of administrative law enforcement,procuratorial public interest litigation can make up for the deficiencies of the existing administrative mechanism and play the role of social co-governance.A quantitative analysis of food and drug safety public interest litigation cases from July 2015 to October 2019 has shown that:the number of cases handled has increased year by year;the number of pre-litigation cases has increased significantly,which is asymmetric with the proportion of litigation cases;the proportion of criminal incidental civil public interest litigation is the highest,followed by civil public interest litigation;the clue sources of civil and administrative public interest litigation cases are different,administrative public interest litigation clues clearly insufficient.On the other hand,from a qualitative perspective,the main body of food and drug safety violations is theso-called"three smalls",namely small workshop,small business and street venders.Although the administrative organs investigate responsibility for violations on principle of objective imputation,there are often blank areas of law enforcement due to insufficient administrative law enforcement force.That is where procuratorial public interest litigation mostly intervene.Principle for subjective responsibility,illegal acts handled include disturbing market order and endangering food and drug safety,while the administrative organs′violation basically include failure or inadequate performance of their duties.In the future,in order to improve the food and drug safety administrative public interest litigation mechanism,we should fully understand the limitations of administrative public interest litigation,strengthen the cooperation and exchange between administrative organs and procuratorial organs,flexibly adopt suggestions from both organs,and escalate the connection between the two Lawson the basis of distinguishing food and drug safety supervision behavior from market supervision behavior etc,strengthening the connection between the two kinds of litigation.
出处
《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2021年第3期1-15,109,共16页
Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition
基金
四川省广安市检察官协会、广安市前锋区人民检察院委托课题“行政执法检察监督理论与实践”
北京市社会科学界联合会重点项目“京津冀府际协同执法机制研究”(19FXB000Z5)。
