摘要
【目的】研究粗饲料颗粒对肉牛瘤胃发酵及瘤胃菌群结构的影响.【方法】选择20头18月龄、体质量相近的西门塔尔杂种公牛(西门塔尔牛♂×本地黄牛♀),随机分为4组,试验组1、2和3的粗饲料分别以粗饲料颗粒(50%玉米秸秆+50%苜蓿干草)替代20%、50%和80%的全株玉米青贮,对照组粗饲料全部为全株玉米青贮,育肥120天屠宰后,采集4组肉牛瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数,运用16S rDNA高通量测序分析试验组3和对照组的瘤胃菌群多样性.【结果】粗饲料颗粒替代部分全贮玉米青贮饲喂肉牛,瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸无显著变化,NH3-N浓度、乙酸比例和乙酸/丙酸比值显著降低(P<0.05)而丙酸比例显著增加(P<0.05);粗饲料颗粒替代80%全株玉米青贮,瘤胃菌群中检测到共有操作分类单位(OTUs)802个,对照组和试验组3肉牛瘤胃特有OTUs分别为359个和312个,瘤胃液菌群相对丰度和多样性无显著变化;2组肉牛瘤胃液中相对丰度占82%以上的优势菌群门类为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)为优势菌属.【结论】粗饲料颗粒替代部分全株玉米青贮,降低了瘤胃液NH3-N浓度、乙酸比例及乙酸/丙酸比值,提高了丙酸比例,对瘤胃液总VFA浓度、菌群丰度和多样性无显著影响.
【Objective】This experiment was conducted to study the effect of roughage particles on rumen fermentation and rumen microbial community structure of beef cattle.【Method】Twenty crossbred(Simmental♂×Local cattle♀)bulls that were 18 month old and had similar body weight(BW)were employed,which were randomly divided into 4 groups(each group 5 cattle).In,the control group were fed on whole-plant corn,and each of experiment group 1,2 and 3 were fed on the coarse feed in which 20%,50%and 80%of the whole-plant corn silage,respectively,were replaced by roughage pellets(50%corn straw+50%alfalfa hay).After the bulls were fattened for 120 days,three bulls in each group were slaughtered and the rumen fluid was collected to measure rumen fermentation parameters.In addition,the diversity of rumen microbial community was determined by using high throughput 16s rDNA sequencing and the difference among the experiment groups was analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the replacement of partial corn silage by roughage pellets(i.e.straw pellets)exerted no significant effect on the rumen total volatile fatty acids(VFAs)of the bulls(P>0.05),but significantly decreased the concentration of NH3-N,the proportion of acetic acid and the ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid(A/P)(P<0.05),and significantly increased the proportion of propionic acid(P<0.05).In the treatment group 3(i.e.80%whole-plant corn silage was replaced by straw pellets),802 Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs)of rumen bacteria were shared with the control,and 359 and 312 OTUs were specific to the control and group 3,respectively.There was no significant change in relative abundance and diversity of rumen microbial community.In rumen bacterial community of the two groups,the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated at phylum level and each had more than 82%abundance;and Prevotella dominated at genus level.【Conclusion】In summary,partially replacing whole-plant corn silage with compound straw pellets could reduce NH3-N concentration,the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in rumen fluid,and exert no significant effects on the total VFAs and the diversity of rumen microbial community.
作者
祁有鹏
左志
石斌刚
董巧霞
张雪萍
赵芳芳
赵世杰
李少斌
权金鹏
甘辉林
胡江
QI Youpeng;ZUO Zhi;SHI Bingang;DONG Qiaoxia;ZHANG Xueping;ZHAO Fangfang;ZHAO Shijie;LI Shaobin;QUAN Jinpeng;GAN Huilin;HU Jiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Research Program Sponsored by Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology,Lanzhou 730070,China;Zhangye Station of Grassland in Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2021年第2期50-60,共11页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0502001,2018YFD0502302)
甘肃省中小企业创新基金(18CX5JG050)
甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2020B-124).
关键词
肉牛
粗饲料颗粒
瘤胃发酵
微生物菌群
beef cattle
roughage pellets
rumen fermentation
rumen microbial community
