摘要
目的分析世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)成员国疫苗纳入国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)现状。方法通过WHO网站获取WHO-联合国儿童基金会联合报表数据,对成员国NIP疫苗种类和目标人群进行描述性分析。结果WHO推荐所有成员国将10种疫苗纳入NIP。在194个成员国中,卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗、含百日咳白喉破伤风成分疫苗、含麻疹成分疫苗、含风疹成分疫苗、b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗(Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine,Hib)、肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,PPCV)、轮状病毒疫苗(Rotavirus vaccine,RotV)和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(Human papillomavirus vaccine,HPV)疫苗纳入NIP的成员国比例分别为87.63%、100%、100%、98.97%、99.48%、89.17%、98.97%、82.47%、59.79%和66.49%。在10种疫苗中,中国尚未将Hib、PPCV、HPV和RotV纳入NIP。中国NIP疫苗覆盖人群主要为儿童;青少年和成人用疫苗、结合疫苗、联合疫苗纳入NIP较发达国家少。结论多数成员国将WHO推荐疫苗纳入NIP;中国需考虑将更多优质疫苗纳入NIP,并扩大覆盖人群。
Objective To analyze the introduction of vaccines into national immunization programs(NIP) of World Health Organization(WHO) Member States.Methods We obtained data from the WHO-UNICEF Joint Reporting Form reported by WHO Member States and conducted a descriptive analysis of NIP vaccine types and target populations.Results WHO recommends introduction of 10 vaccines into NIPs of all Member States. Of the 194 Member States, 87.63%, 100%, 100%, 98.97%, 99.48%, 89.17%, 98.97%, 82.47%, 59.79%, and 66.49% have introduced Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, inactivated poliovirus vaccine, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis containing vaccine, measles containing vaccine, rubella containing vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine(Hib), pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine(PPCV), rotavirus vaccine(RotV), and human papillomavirus vaccine(HPV). Among the 10 WHO-recommended vaccines, Hib, PPCV, HPV, and RotV have not been included into China’s National Immunization Program. Compared with other developed Member States, China’s NIP primarily targets children, has fewer vaccines for adolescents and adults, has fewer conjugated vaccines, and has fewer combination vaccines.Conclusions Most member states have introduced WHO-recommended vaccines into their national immunization programs. We suggest that China introduce more high-quality vaccines into the National Immunization Program and expand the Program’s target populations to include adolescents and adults.
作者
王楠
黎祺
李军宏
王亚敏
马超
郑灿军
尹遵栋
Wang Nan;Li Qi;Li Junhong;Wang Yamin;Ma Chao;Zheng Canjun;Yin Zundong(National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Xiangxi Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jishou 416000,Hunan,China;Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Division of Infectious Disease Management,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期214-220,共7页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
基金
中国CDC公共卫生应急反应机制的运行(131031001000150001)。
关键词
国家免疫规划
疫苗
纳入
世界卫生组织成员国
National Immunization Program
Vaccine
Introduction
World Health Organization Member States
