摘要
植胶区水质监测与评价是开展热带地区水污染防治等工作的基础。作者于2019年5月-2020年3月对海南岛西部植胶区无遮挡雨水、穿透雨、树干茎流、地表径流、河水、池塘水、湖水和井水等样品进行采集与测定,对比分析了不同季节不同水体的化学特征,基于单因子污染指数与内梅罗污染指数法评价了研究区水质现状及主要污染物,并初步探讨了橡胶林生态系统不同界面层和人类活动对水质的影响。结果表明,不同水体pH的季节特征整体表现为雨旱交替期<雨季<旱季,电导率和TDS为雨季<旱季<雨旱交替期。橡胶林生态系统不同界面层对水质的影响明显:穿透雨、树干茎流和地表径流化学类型分别为HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(-)-K^(+)和HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-K^(+),河水以HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)为主,池塘水和湖水分别为HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+)和HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+),4处井水分别为HCO_(3)^(-)-NO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)-Cl^(-)-NO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+)和HCO_(3)^(-)-Cl^(-)-SO_(4)^(2-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+)。目前,雨水及全部地表水为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级水质,水体清洁;井水为Ⅲ级或Ⅴ级水质,pH、Mn、F^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)和NO_(2)^(-)是主要污染物。究其原因,酸性岩石和土壤是造成研究区地下水酸化以及Mn和F^(-)等超标的直接原因,而施用化肥和农药等人类活动会使NO_(3)^(-)和NO_(2)^(-)等浓度累积进而加剧地下水酸化。因此,必须控制植胶区农业面源污染、完善饮用水基础设施建设、继续加强水质监测,同时做好水环境保护的宣传工作。
Water quality monitoring and evaluation were conducted for water pollution prevention and control in a rubber plantation area of tropical Hainan Island,which,as a basic work,included the water sampling and monitoring of the precipita⁃tion,penetrating rain,stem-flow water,surface runoff,streamflow,pond water,lake water and water drawn from wells,in the rubber plantation area of western Hainan Island during the period of May 2019 to March 2020,and comparatively analyzing chemical characteristics of the different water samples that had been collected in different seasons.Furthermore,water quality and main pollutants were evaluated based on single factor pollution index and the Nemerow pollution index,and the effects of rubber plantation ecosystem at different interface layers and the human activities on the water quality were preliminarily dis⁃cussed.Results of the monitoring and evaluation indicated that in terms of seasonal variation,pH value of the water samples was in an ascending order:alternate season<rainy season<dry season,and concentration values of the electrical conductivity and TDS(total dissolved solids)were in the order:rainy season<dry season<alternate season.The ecosystem of the rubber plantations at different interface layers obviously affected the hydrochemical characteristics of the water sampled above-men⁃tioned,i.e.,the chemical types of penetrating rain,stemflow and surface runoff were of HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+),HCO_(3)^(-)-K^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-K^(+),respectively;the stream-flow was dominated by HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+),and pond water and lake water were HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+),respectively;water samples drawn from four different wells were HCO_(3)^(-)-NO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+),HCO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+),HCO_(3)^(-)-Cl^(-)-NO_(3)^(-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-)-Cl^(-)-SO_(4)^(2-)-Ca^(2+)-Na^(+),respectively.At present,the rainwater quality and all the surface water were clean belonging to gradeⅠ~Ⅱ;well water belonged to gradeⅢorⅤ,and the major contaminants included pH,manganese(Mn),fluoride(F^(-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and nitrite(NO_(2)^(-)).The acidic rocks and contaminated soils were considered the direct causes of groundwater acidification,as well as Mn and F^(-)exceeding the related national standard,while human activities such as applying chemical fertilizers and pesticides led to the accumulative increase of NO_(3)^(-)and NO_(2)^(-)concentrations,thus ex⁃acerbating groundwater acidification.Therefore,it is imperative to control agricultural non-point source pollution and im⁃prove the infrastructure construction of drinking water,furthermore,continuous strengthening the water quality monitoringand better publicity of water environment protection are equally important.
作者
孙瑞
吴志祥
杨川
陈青
祁栋灵
陈帮乾
SUN Rui;WU Zhixiang;YANG Chuan;CHEN Qing;QI Dongling;CHEN Bangqian(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou 571101,China)
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期115-125,共11页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(2019RC335)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-ZP3)。
关键词
水化学类型
污染物
内梅罗污染指数
橡胶林
海南岛
hydrochemical types
contaminant
Nemerow pollution index
rubber plantation
Hainan Island
