摘要
主体间性是人类学家与被研究者之间通过互动、交流、理解而共建出的一种意识结构或平台,其根植于主体意识基础上。传统科学民族志人类学家凭借主体间性在田野中收集资料,而费边和拉比诺开启的后现代反思民族志学派和写文化学派则直接把建立在主体间性基础上的田野工作以及调查者与被调查者之间的交往作为民族志文本的叙事内容和主题,以此批评传统民族志的客观性追求。事实上,这两种民族志类型都有必要,都得仰赖主体间性。从互动的时间看,主体间性可分成同生性主体间性和错时性主体间性;从互动对象看,有人与人之间的主体间性,有人与文本之间的主体间性。主体间性本是现象学以来西方哲学家讨论的问题,但1960年代后期被引入人类学领域后给人类学带来了崭新的风气和面貌。中国人类学今后若想实现弯道超车,不应该只在人类学脉络和意识里想问题,而是到哲学里汲取智慧,甚至到田野中去做哲学问题。
Intersubjectivity is a kind of consciousness structure or platform constructed by anthropologists and subject of investigation through interaction, communication and understanding during the fieldwork, base on the subject consciousness. Traditional ethnographic anthropologists rely on intersubjectivity to gather data in the field, and Johannes Fabian and Paul Labinow, who initiated the post-modern school of reflection on ethnography and the school of writing culture, directly took the field work and the communication between investigators and respondents as the narrative content of ethnography. In the way, they criticized the objective pursuit of traditional ethnography. In fact, both types of ethnography are necessary, because they depended on intersubjectivity. In terms of interaction time,intersubjectivity can be divided into symbiotic intersubjectivity and non-symbiotic intersubjectivity. According to the objects of interaction, there is intersubjectivity between anthropologists and people, and intersubjectivity between anthropologists and text.Intersubjectivity has been discussed by western philosopher since phenomenology, but after being introduced into the field of anthropology in the late 1960 s, it brought a new atmosphere and appearance to anthropology. If Chinese anthropology wants to overtake on the curve in the future, we should not only think about problems in anthropological context and consciousness, but draw wisdom from philosophy. Let us open more space to philosophy, and do philosophical problems in the field.
出处
《青海民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期75-85,共11页
Qinghai Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社会科学基金重大专项(冷门绝学)“百年中国体质人类学史”(批准号:2018VJX056)阶段性成果。
关键词
主体间性
西方哲学
主体间性民族志
到田野中做哲学研究
Intersublectivity
Western Philosophy
Intersublectivity Ethnography
Do Philosophical Study in the Field
