摘要
【目的】分析覆膜对棉田凝结水的影响机理,为膜下滴灌技术的可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】采用大型称重式蒸渗仪对棉田凝结水进行实时监测;在不同生育期分别选取典型日,分析凝结过程;设置覆膜和不覆膜2种方式进行对比试验,分析了覆膜对凝结水的影响。【结果】(1)从00:00开始凝结,至08:00结束,历时8h,昼夜变换中凝结与蒸散交替进行。(2)凝结过程可分为缓慢凝结、快速凝结和转为蒸散3个阶段。(3)不同生育期凝结速率均在01:00—03:00达到最大,随后逐渐下降。(4)覆膜与不覆膜2种条件下的棉田凝结水量均与相对湿度(RH)、露点温度(T_d)正相关,与地表温度(T_s)、风速(W_s)和环境温度(T_a)负相关。棉田凝结水凝结过程主要发生在夜间,4个不同生育期阶段,凝结量和蒸散量均为:花铃期>蕾期>吐絮期>苗期;全生育期覆膜比不覆膜凝结水量少17.08 mm,占凝结水总量的23.68%。【结论】不覆膜更有利于凝结水的产生,覆膜不利于凝结水进入土壤。
【Background】Dew is an important part of water resources besides precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions.This‘non-precipitation’water is of great significance to the ecosystem and water balance.【Objective】The effect mechanism of dew in cotton field was analyzed to provided a scientific basis for the sustainable development of drip irrigation technology under mulch film.【Method】A large-scale weighing lysimeter was used to monitor the dew of cotton field.A typical day was selected from different growth stages to analyze the condensation process.Two drip irrigation methods,drip irrigation under mulch and drip irrigation without mulch,were compared to analyze the effect of drip irrigation under mulch on the dew amount.【Result】①The condensation process started at 00:00 and ended at 08:00,which lasted for 8 hours.Condensation and evapotranspiration appeared alternately between day and night.②The condensation process could be divided into three stages:slow condensation,rapid condensation and converting to evapotranspiration.③In different growth stages,the condensation rate reached the maximum at 01:00—03:00,and then showed a trend of gradual decline.④There was a positive linear correlation between the amount of dew and the relative humidity(RH)and dew point temperature(Td),and a negative linear correlation between the amount of dew and the surface temperature(Ts),wind speed(Ws)and ambient temperature(Ta)under the two drip irrigation conditions.The condensation process of cotton field dew mainly occurs at night,the amount of dew and evapotranspiration at different growth stages were as follows:blooming and boll stage>buding stage>boll opening stage>seedling stage.The amount of dew under no mulch condition is 25.86%higher than that under mulch.【Conclusion】Film mulching does not affect the dynamic change of water vapor condensation.However,no film mulching method is more conducive to the generation of dew,film mulching method is not conducive to the dew into the soil.
作者
马瑞莎
乔长录
葛瑞晨
MA Ruisha;QIAO Changlu;GE Ruichen(School of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corps,Shihezi 832000,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期93-99,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51769030)
兵团应用基础研究计划项目(2016AG014)
兵团节水灌溉试验计划项目(BTJSSY-201903)。
关键词
凝结水
膜下滴灌
干旱区
蒸散
蒸渗仪
dew
drip irrigation under mulch film
arid areas
evapotranspiration
lysimeter
