摘要
自治理理念被引入国家事务管理中以来,国家治理大体经历了科层式治理、“互联网+”治理和智能治理三种形态的变迁。相比于既有的国家治理形态,智能治理在治理主体、治理依据和治理标准上实现了较大的突破。作为一种新的治理形态,智能治理以大数据为治理依据、以算法为治理核心、以算力为治理支撑,是智能与治理的有机结合。智能治理形态的出现,有助于社会治理需求的准确识别、治理议程的精准设定、治理成本的有效降低和治理能力的显著提升。但同时也面临人工智能可能取代人类成为国家治理体系的主导者、国家治理对于智能技术的深度依赖可能诱发数据霸权和算法独裁以及技术理性取代价值理性等挑战。 面对日渐凸显的智能治理形态,明确人工智能辅助人类进行治理的角色定位、加快数据立法和国家大数据系统建设、从法律、伦理和技术等方面增强对算法设计环节和运行过程的规制力度、有效平衡国家治理中的技术理性与价值理性等是推动国家治理智能化转向的基本进路。
Since the concept of governance was introduced into the management of state affairs,national governance has generally undergone three forms of change:hierarchical governance,“Internet+”governance and intelligent governance.Compared with the existing forms of national governance,intelligent governance has achieved a great breakthrough in governance subject,governance basis and governance standards.As a new form of governance,intelligent governance is an organic combination of intelligence and governance,with big data as the basis for governance,algorithms as the core of governance,and computing power as the support of governance.The emergence of intelligent governance forms is helpful to the accurate identification of social governance needs,the precise setting of governance agenda,the effective reduction of governance costs and the significant improvement of governance capacity.But it also faces the challenge that artificial intelligence may replace human beings as the leader of the national governance system,that the deep dependence of national governance on intelligent technology may induce data hegemony and algorithmic dictatorship,and that technological rationality can replace value rationality.In the face of the increasingly prominent form of intelligent governance,it is the basic way to promote the transformation of national governance to intelligent governance by clarifying the role orientation of artificial intelligence to assist human governance,speeding up data legislation and the construction of national big data system,strengthening the regulation of algorithm design links and operation processes from legal,ethical and technical aspects,and effectively balancing the technical rationality and value rationality in national governance.
作者
陈鹏
CHEN Peng(School of Law,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China)
出处
《探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期152-165,共14页
Probe
基金
安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“人工智能时代国家治理面临的机遇与风险研究”(AHSKQ2019D126),项目负责人:陈鹏。
关键词
智能治理
数据
算法
人工智能
国家治理
intelligent governance
data
algorithms
artificial intelligence
national governance
