摘要
目的探讨针对性健康教育措施对四川省藏区学生的棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率、健康行为形成率的干预效果,为实行棘球蚴病分类健康教育提供参考依据。方法选择道孚县八美镇、龙灯乡中心小学所有在校学生作为干预组,七美乡、鲜水镇中心小学所有在校学生作为对照组。2016-2020年,对照组学生进行常规的棘球蚴病健康教育,干预组学生在常规健康教育的基础上实施特色干预工作。每年度按照随机抽样方法,抽取每所学校3~6年级每年级学生各150名作为调查对象。采用问卷调查的方式评估学生棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率和健康行为形成率。结果干预前(2016年),干预组和对照组学生的棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率分别为77.0%、74.3%,健康行为形成率分别为68.5%、70.6%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采取干预措施后,干预组和对照组学生的防治知识知晓率和行为形成率均较干预前有提高,从2017年的82.8%、71.9%分别增加至2020年的93.1%和85.5%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且干预组的效果更优;两组学生知晓率差异在干预后第1年(2017年,干预组82.8%和对照组77.4%)开始有统计学意义(P<0.05),而行为形成率差异在第2年(2018年,干预组78.5%和对照组75.1%)开始有统计学意义(P<0.05),行为形成有滞后效应。对照组学生各年度间的防治知识知晓率和健康行为形成率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预组的防治知识知晓率在2016-2019各年度之间、行为形成率在2017-2019各年度之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组的防治知识知晓率和健康行为形成率在2019-2020年度间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明干预措施已取得较稳定的干预效果。分层分析结果显示,经过连续4年的健康教育,2020年男生和女生的观察组与对照组间防治知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3~6年级各年级的观察组与对照组间防治知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);汉族和藏族的观察组与对照组间防治知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其他民族的两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女生的观察组与对照组间健康行为形成率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);四~六年级各年级的观察组与对照组间健康行为形成率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);藏族和汉族的观察组与对照组间健康行为形成率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);男生、三年级和其他民族的两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针对性健康教育措施有助于学生提高对棘球蚴病的认知水平,促进形成健康行为习惯。
Objective To explore the intervention effects of targeted health education on the knowledge of echinococcosis prevention and treatment and the practice rate of healthy behavior among students, and provide refer-ence for implementation of health education of echinococcosis on classified base. Methods All students in the central primary schools in Bamei and Longdeng Townships in Daofu County, were assigned as the intervention group,and all students in the central primary school Qimei and Xianshui Townships were assigned as the control group.From 2016 to 2020, students in the control group were provided with conventional echinococcosis health education,and students in the intervention group were provided with additional special interventions. In each year, 150 students randomly selected from each grade of grades 3-6 in each school were surveyed. A questionnaire was used to assess the awareness rate of knowledge of echinococcosis control and the formation rate of health behavior among the stu-dents. Results In 2016, before the intervention, the awareness rates of knowledge of echinococcosis control in the intervention and control groups were 77.0% and 74.3%, respectively, and the formation rates of health behavior were68.5% and 70.6%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). After the intervention, the awareness rate and behavior formation rate of students in both groups increased from 82.8% and 71.9% in2017 to 93.1% and 85.5% in 2020, respectively(P<0.05), and the intervention effect was better in the intervention group compared with the control group. The difference in the knowledge awareness rate between the two groups began to be significant in the first year after the intervention(82.8% and 77.4% in 2017)(P<0.05), while the difference in the behavior formation rate began to be significant in the second year(78.5% and 75.1% in 2018)(P<0.05), with a significant lagging response in behavior formation. In the control group, the awareness rate and behav-ior formation rate did not show significant difference between different years(P>0.05), while in the intervention group, the awareness rate and behavior formation rate showed significant differences during 2016 - 2019 and 2017 -2019, respectively(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the awareness rate and behavior formation rate of students in the intervention group did not show significant difference between 2019 and 2020(P>0.05), indicating the intervention had gained steady achievements. The stratified analysis on the results demonstrated that after 4 year-consecutive health education, the difference in awareness rate between the intervention group and the control group was statistically sig-nificant in both boys and girls in 2020(P<0.05). The difference in awareness rate between the intervention group and the control group was statistically significant in all grades from 3 to 6(P<0.05). The difference in awareness rate between the intervention and the control groups was statistically significant in both Han Chinese and Tibetans(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in other ethnicities(P>0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in behavior formation rate between the intervention group and the control group in girls(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in behavior formation rate between the intervention group and the con-trol group in grades 4-6(P<0.05). Statistically significant differences in the behavior formation rate between the intervention and control groups were found in Tibetan and Han Chinese(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in male students, at grade 3, or in other ethnic groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The health education pertinent to students can help improving their awareness of echinococcosis knowledge and forming health behavioral habits.
作者
张光葭
王谦
刘阳
钟波
丹巴泽里
洛绒初姆
降央曲珍
兰志强
黄燕
喻文杰
ZHANG Guang-jia;WANG Qian;LIU Yang;ZHONG Bo;DANBA Ze-li;LUORONG Chu-mu;JIANGYANG Qv-zhen;LAN Zhi-qiang;HUANG Yan;YU Wen-jie(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,China;Ganzi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kangding 626000,China;Daofu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Daofu 626400,China)
出处
《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期145-149,155,共6页
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases
基金
四川省科技计划(2018SZ0116)。
关键词
棘球蚴病
健康教育
学生
四川省
Echinococcosis
Health education
Students
Sichuan Province
