摘要
目的分析新疆2014—2018年肺结核发病的流行特征,为肺结核高发人群和高聚集区域进一步制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法通过《中国结核病信息管理系统》获得新疆2014—2018年94个区、县的肺结核疫情数据,采用描述性统计方法分析新疆肺结核患者发病的季节性和人群性分布特征及新疆14个地区肺结核发病的聚集性特点。结果2014—2018年新疆肺结核的平均报告发病率为210.75/10万。肺结核发病率具有明显的季节性,11—12月平均发病率最高,分别为19.49/10万和23.75/10万,2月和6月发病率较低,分别为15.55/10万和15.40/10万。男性患者占53.48%,女性患者占46.52%,男女发病比为1.15∶1。发病随年龄增长呈上升趋势,65~<75岁最高,75岁以后呈逐渐下降趋势。肺结核发病存在明显空间聚集性。2014—2018年新疆肺结核高发区域集中在南部和西南地区,低发区域集中在北疆的中北部和东疆东部相对分散分布。结论根据新疆肺结核发病的三间特征分析,应对男性患者、老年患者等肺结核发病高风险人群和南疆喀什、和田、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州的高聚集区域重点关注和政策倾斜,加大对这些地区和人群的经费和人力资源等投入,改善就医条件,有效发现和管理患者,减少肺结核的传播途径,降低肺结核的发病率。
Objective The epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed,to provide a scientific basis for the further development of prevention and control strategies in tuberculosis high-risk groups and high concentration areas.Methods The tuberculosis epidemic data of 94 districts and counties in Xinjiang from 2014 to2018 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Control System.Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the seasonal and demographic distribution characteristics of tuberculosis patients,and the spatial clustering characteristics of tuberculosis incidence in 14 regions in Xinjiang.ResultsThe average incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis was 210.75/100 000 from2014 to 2018.The reported incidence rate of tuberculosis had a distinct seasonality,with the highest incidence in NovemberDecember (19.49/100 000 to 23.75/100 000),and lowest incidence in February and June (15.55/100 000 to 15.40/100 000).Male patients accounted for 53.48%and female patients 46.52%,with a male-female incidence ratio of 1.15∶1.The incidence showed an upward trend with the increase of age,reaching the highest in 65-<75 years old,and gradually decreasing after 75years old.The results of tuberculosis spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was obvious spatial aggregation.From2014 to 2018,the higher incidence of tuberculosis in Xinjiang was concentrated in the south and southwest regions,while the lower incidence was concentrated in the central and northern part of northern Xinjiang,and the eastern part of eastern Xinjiang.Conclusion According to the three characteristics analysis of tuberculosis incidence in Xinjiang,the tuberculosis high-risk population,such as the male patients,elderly patients,and the high concentrated areas,such as Kashi,Hotan and Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture,should be placed emphasis on.The tuberculosis special fund and human resource should be invested to improve medical conditions,effective detection and management of patients,reduce the transmission and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis.
作者
贺湘焱
赵珍
王新旗
HE Xiang-yan;ZHAO Zhen;WANG Xin-qi(Research and Education Center,People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonmous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830001,China;Center for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control and Prevention,The Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonmous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China)
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
2021年第5期418-421,共4页
China Tropical Medicine
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(No.2018D01C127)。
关键词
肺结核
流行特征
高发人群
高聚集区域
Pulmonary tuberculosis
epidemiological feature
high-risk population
aggregation
